Abstract
The chemical modification of sugarcane bagasse with maleic anhydride using pyridine as solvent after ultrasound pretreatment was studied. The parameters optimized included an ultrasound pretreating time of 0–35 min, a reaction time of 30–120 min, maleic anhydride concentration by the ratio of dried sugarcane bagasse to maleic anhydride from 1:0.3 to 1:1.1, and reaction temperature 85–105 °C required in the process. The extent of maleation was measured by the weight percent gain (WPG), which increased with an increment of ultrasonic pretreating time from 0 to 25 min and maleic anhydride concentration between 1:0.3 and 1:1.1. It should be noted that an increasing the temperature above 90 °C had a detrimental effect on the maleation. Evidences of maleation of the bagasse were provided by FT-IR and CP MAS 13C NMR and the results showed that the maleation of the bagasse cellulose and hemicelluloses at C-2 and C-3 occurred. Both unmodified and maleated bagasse showed a similar thermal stability above 200 °C.
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