Abstract
The aim of this research is to get the graphite intercalation compound with high thermal stability and fire resistance. Firstly, the normal expandable graphite (EG) was prepared with potassium permanganate (KMnO4) as oxidant and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) as intercalator, respectively. Then, with (3-Aminopropyl)-trimethoxysilane (KH-550) as coupling agent, the boric acid (H3BO3) modified EG (EGB) was prepared by silane grafting method through H3BO3 bonded with EG. The analysis of X-ray powder diffractiometer and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy testified the existence of EGB. EGB showed better thermal stability and flame retardancy for linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) than the referenced EG. Addition of 13.0 wt% of EGB improved the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 87.0LLDPE/13.0EGB to 24.6%, which was obviously higher than that of pure matrix of 17.5%. Whereas, the LOI of 87.0LLDPE/13EG was 22.7%. Furthermore, when EGB combined with ammonium polyphosphate (APP), the LOI and UL-94 level of 87.0LLDPE/8.7EGB/4.3APP reached 27.1% and V-0, respectively.
Highlights
According to the World Health organization [1], air pollution constitutes the largest among all of the environmental risks: 3 million annual deaths are associated with outdoor air pollution exposure
We report an insight into the available impure carbon and other pollutants in physicochemically characterized toner powder used as printer ink
Characterization of soot was carried out using the X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry, X- Ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Fourier Transform Infra-red (FTIR) Spectroscopic techniques
Summary
According to the World Health organization [1], air pollution constitutes the largest among all of the environmental risks: 3 million annual deaths are associated with outdoor air pollution exposure. In 2012 alone, 11.6 percent of global deaths equivalent to 6.5 million deaths were outdoor air pollution-related
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