Abstract
The current development of chemical looping combustion (CLC) technology is presented in this paper. This technique of energy conversion enables burning of hydrocarbon fuels with dramatically reduced CO2 emission into the atmosphere, since the inherent separation of carbon dioxide takes place directly in a combustion unit. In the beginning, the general idea of the CLC process is described, which takes advantage of solids (so-called oxygen carriers) being able to transport oxygen between combustion air and burning fuel. The main groups of oxygen carriers (OC) are characterized and compared, which are Fe-, Mn-, Cu-, Ni-, and Co-based materials. Moreover, different constructions of reactors tailored to perform the CLC process are described, including fluidized-bed reactors, swing reactors, and rotary reactors. The whole systems are based on the chemical looping concept, such as syngas CLC (SG-CLC), in situ Gasification CLC (iG-CLC), chemical looping with oxygen uncoupling (CLOU), and chemical looping reforming (CLR), are discussed as well. Finally, a comparison with other pro-CCS (carbon capture and storage) technologies is provided.
Highlights
Carbon dioxide emission from anthropogenic sources, including the power industry, has attracted more and more attention over the last 15 years
The chemical looping combustion (CLC) process is usually conducted in a system of two reactors (Figure 1), which consists of the fuel reactor (FR), where combustion takes place, and the air reactor (AR), where oxygen carriers (OC) are regenerated
The flue gas that leaves the fuel reactor is free of atmospheric nitrogen and it becomes almost ready for geological sequestration—CCS and/or commercial utilization—CCU
Summary
Carbon dioxide emission from anthropogenic sources, including the power industry, has attracted more and more attention over the last 15 years. Commercial implementation on a large scale is still very limited, mainly due to the high energy-efficiency penalty associated among others with ASU (air separation unit) operation [5]. This problem does not concern, the innovative technique of chemical looping combustion. The flue gas that leaves the fuel reactor is free of atmospheric nitrogen and it becomes almost ready for geological sequestration—CCS (carbon capture and storage) and/or commercial utilization—CCU. The exhaust gas from th air reactor consists essentially of nitrogen and the remaining oxygen, which are both en (carbon capture and utilization) vironmentally friendly gases.[8]. Solid oxygen carriers behave like red blood cells transporting oxygen in a “blood
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