Chemical Kinetics of Detonation in Some Organic Liquids

Abstract

The failure diameter of liquid 0 and C-nitrocompounds, of their mixtures with organic solvents, as well as of the mixtures of some liquid fuels with concentrated nitric acid was measured and used as a tool for approximate determination of leading chemical reaction rates at high-velocity detonation of the liquids. Good correlation between the failure diameter dr and adiabatic temperature of explosion T is obtained for nitric esters containing C-C, C-H, C-0, and 0-N bonds and for the mixtures of the esters with methanol , chloroform, and bromoform: df = A exp (B/T ), where A = 0.059 mn and B = 7300 K. The corresponding values of A and B for solutions of nitric acid in dichloroethan e are 0.053 am and 6400 K, and for solutions of nitric acid in acetic anhydride are 0.097 mm and 4600 K. The addition of olefins to nitrocompound s reduces the value of d^. The failure diameter of nitromethane containing 2% of allylalcohol or acrylic acid is two times less than that of the pure substance. The addition of strong organic bases to the substance is much more effective. A very small quantity (0.02%) of diethylamine reduces d^ from 13 to 6 mm. Nitromethane containing 2% of the additive has a d^ as small as 1.8 mm. The most effective catalytic additive is allylamine CHL = CHCH 2NH2. The effect of amines on the reaction rate at detonation of di- and trinitrotoluenes and nitropropane is also determined. Strong inorganic acids also have the