Abstract
The molal concentrations of free ions and complex species of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfate and fluoride in hydrothermal aqueous solutions have been calculated at various temperatures (in the 150–300°C range) and total chloride molalities, assuming the existence of equilibrium with the mineral paragenesis made up of low-albite, microcline, illite, chlorite, a Ca–Al-silicate, chalcedony, anhydrite, fluorite and calcite. Preliminary results suggest that the computer-calculated compositions match satisfactorily the compositions of real reservoir waters from some known geothermal systems with different chloride contents. The computer-generated compositions have therefore been used to investigate the effect of ion complexing on chemical geothcrmometers. There is little effect of complexing on the Na/K geothermometer, while it is remarkably strong on the K 2/Mg, Ca 1 2 /Na and Ca 1 2 /K geothermometer functions in low chloride environments; the influence of ion association is also important on the SO 4/F 2 geothermometer but at high chloride contents. Where the compatibility of sulfate and fluoride ions is questionable, specific geothermometric functions can he derived taking into account chloride, sulfate and fluoride contents; their use is proposed to get rid of the deviations caused by ion association.
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