Abstract
The chemical freeze-out parameters in central nucleus-nucleus collisions are extracted consistently from hadron yield data within the quantum van der Waals (QvdW) hadron resonance gas model. The beam energy dependences for skewness and kurtosis of net baryon, net electric, and net strangeness charges are predicted. The QvdW interactions in asymmetric matter, $Q/B \neq 0.5$, between (anti)baryons yield a non-congruent liquid-gas phase transition, together with a nuclear critical point (CP) with critical temperature of $T_c=19.5$ MeV. The nuclear CP yields the collision energy dependence of the skewness and the kurtosis to both deviate significantly from the ideal hadron resonance gas baseline predictions even far away, in $(T,\mu_B)$-plane, from the CP. These predictions can readily be tested by STAR and NA61/SHINE Collaborations at the RHIC BNL and the SPS CERN, respectively, and by HADES at GSI. The results presented here offer a broad opportunity for the search for signals of phase transition in dense hadronic matter at the future NICA and FAIR high intensity facilities.
Highlights
The structure of the phase diagram of strongly interacting matter is one of the most important and still open topics in nuclear and particle physics to date
Similar to the ideal hadron resonance gas (IHRG) model, the dependence of Tch on μcBh in the quantum van der Waals (QvdW)-HRG model can be parametrized as a quartic polynomial in μcBh, with parameters differing quite substantially from the IHRG case
Since both the liquid-gas phase transition (LGPT) and the chemical freeze-out are consistently obtained within a single model, their relative location is clarified
Summary
The structure of the phase diagram of strongly interacting matter is one of the most important and still open topics in nuclear and particle physics to date. The skewness and the kurtosis of baryonic charge fluctuations were calculated within the QvdW-HRG model for central nucleus-nucleus (A + A) collisions along the chemical freeze-out line in Ref. The chemical freezeout line is derived consistently for central A + A collisions within the QvdW-HRG model Both the baryonic and electric charge fluctuations are calculated in T -μB plane and along the freeze-out line.
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