Abstract

Choanoflagellates are the closest living relatives of animals. These protozoans alternate between unicellular and multicellular life stages. They also possess many of the same adhesion and signaling genes as animals. Therefore, choanoflagellates are an ideal model to study cell–cell signaling that predated animals and led to the origin of the animal lineage. Chemical ecology of choanoflagellates is in its infancy, but already several types of intraspecies and interspecies interactions have been described. Three such interactions in the choanoflagellate Salpingoeca rosetta have begun to be characterized at a molecular level (multicellularity induction, mating induction, and aerotaxis). The nascent molecular study of S. rosetta, other choanoflagellates, and other holozoan relatives will generate insight into the origin of multicellular signaling in animals.

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