Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) from the stems and leaves of Origanum vulgare L. grown in Saudi Arabia and Jordan were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and GC–flame ionization detector (FID) techniques on two different columns (polar and nonpolar). A detailed phytochemical analysis led to the identification of 153 constituents of these essential oils. Both Saudi and Jordanian plants are classified by chemotypes rich in cymyl-compounds. However, the Saudi Origanum contains carvacrol as the major component and is, thus, characterized as a carvacrol chemotype, while the Jordanian Origanum contains thymol as the major component, and, thus, it is classified as a thymol chemotype. In addition, the antimicrobial activities of the studied EOs and their major components, including carvacrol and thymol, were evaluated against various Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms. All the tested compounds exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against all the tested bacteria. Among them, thymol demonstrated superior activity against all the tested organisms, followed by carvacrol. Moreover, results on oil composition and oil yield of O. vulgare L. from different parts of the world is compared in detail with the present outcomes.
Highlights
The demand for the development of natural products from medicinal and aromatic plants as substitutes for artificial additives and as pharmacologically active agents has increased significantly (Atanasov et al 2015)
A detailed phytochemical analysis of the essential oils led to the identification of a total of 153 compounds from these oils (EOs from the leaves and stems of O. vulgare L. from Saudi Arabia and Jordan)
These geographic variations of the yield and composition of volatile oils have been found in several species, demonstrating that distinct chemotypes of plants grow in different locations (Bhatt et al 2019; Fikry et al 2019; Hussain et al 2008; Tanasescu et al 2019)
Summary
The demand for the development of natural products from medicinal and aromatic plants as substitutes for artificial additives and as pharmacologically active agents has increased significantly (Atanasov et al 2015). Among the different natural products, essential oils (EOs) have gained immense popularity in various industries, including the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries, because of their remarkable characteristics such as, strong odor, unique colors, and high volatility (Carvalho et al 2016; Maggio et al 2016). EOs are oily substances produced by different parts of the plants, including flowers, buds, leaves, twigs, stems, seeds, and fruits (Bakkali et al 2008). These oils are comprised of complex mixtures of volatile substances that are biosynthesized by plants. These substances can be broadly classified into several groups, such as aromatic and aliphatic compounds, terpenes, and terpenoids (Pichersky et al 2006)
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
