Abstract
Lauraceae families have great diversity in the world’s tropical regions and are represented mainly by aromatic shrubs and trees with significant production of essential oils (EOs). This work presents a review of the EO chemical profiles from specimens of Aniba, including their seasonal variations, geographical distributions, and biological activities in the Amazon biome. Based on the survey, 15 species were reviewed, representing 167 oil samples extracted from leaves, twig barks, and woods. Brazilian Amazon was the most representative geographic area in the number of specimens, highlighting the locations Belém, (Pará state, PA) (3 spp., 37 samples), Santarém (PA) (3 spp., 10 samples), Carajás (PA) (3 spp., 7 samples), and Manaus (Amazonas state, AM) (3 spp., 16 samples). The main compound classes identified in oils were benzenoids and phenylpropanoids, represented by 1-nitro-2-phenylethane, benzyl salicylate, benzyl benzoate and methyleugenol, along with terpenoids, especially monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, such as linalool, α-phellandrene, β-phellandrene, β-selinene, and spathulenol. The EOs from Aniba showed considerable variation in the chemical profiles according to season and collection site. The hierarchical cluster analysis classified the samples into two main groups according to chemical composition. This review highlights its comprehensive and up-to-date information on history, conservation, traditional uses, chemosystematics, pharmacological potential of Aniba species.
Highlights
Introduction published maps and institutional affilThe genus Aniba Alblet (1775) belongs to the Lauraceae family, considered one of the most primitive of the Magnoliids clade [1], and includes 48 accepted species, 25 of which occur in the Brazilian Amazon [2]
Considering the Aniba species diversity and its predominant occurrence in the Amazon biome, this study aims to present a broad and updated review of research on this plant group’s chemical composition and biological activity
This review demonstrated the high chemical and biological potential of essential oils from their species
Summary
Several Aniba species occurring in the Amazon region present significant economic value and great ecological importance in their native locations [36]. The rosewood oil intended for trade is obtained exclusively by steam distillation of trunk wood and bark from A. rosaeodora trees, consisting of a predatory and a high-risk method of reduction in genetic variability of the species [56]. Tissue culture studies were carried out, which demonstrated that the rosewood could be propagated satisfactorily in vitro from the cultivation of its stem apices [63] These activities aimed to facilitate researchers’ access to plant material and reintroduce representative germplasm in regions where the species had already been extirpated, aiming at its in vivo conservation. The researchers of the project highlighted that the articulation of the research sector, government agencies, and the productive sector, represented by distilleries, riverside communities, and small producers, was indispensable for the development of an efficient model of propagation and production of seedlings on a large scale, in order to restore populations in their natural environment [56]
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