Abstract
Owing to hostile growth environments and increasing related production, Cistanche plants have decreased in number. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the quality of and to predict potential suitable regions for two official species and two nonofficial species (C. salsa and C. sinensis) by high-performance liquid chromatography and the MaxEnt model. The results indicated that 2′-acetylacteoside was present only in C. deserticola. The compound can be used as a potential chemical marker to discriminate C. deserticola from the three other Cistanche plants. Anthocyanin A and carotenoid F were the common constituents of the two official species only and can thus be used as chemical markers to differentiate between official and nonofficial species. The prediction results of a potentially suitable distribution indicated that C. sinensis has much wider regions for potential distribution than the other species. Finally, the echinacoside content in C. deserticola was significantly different between the two suitable potential distributions, and the contents of samples from Inner Mongolia were significantly higher than those from Gansu Province. This is the first application of the combination of the contents of chemical components and the results of MaxEnt models for the quality assessment of herbal medicine. Our results may provide a reference for the sustainable utilization of endangered Cistanche species.
Highlights
Since the 72nd World Health Assembly, traditional medicine has been included in the International Classification of Diseases (11th version), which mainly dates from traditional Chinese medicine and is widely accepted in Southeast Asian countries such as Japan, Korea, and India
The results indicated that C. salsa had the highest content of styrene glycosides only echinacoside, castanoside A and acteoside were detected by liquid chromatography
Herbal medicine is a complex mixture of many chemical components that contribute to the systematic targeting of disease
Summary
Since the 72nd World Health Assembly, traditional medicine has been included in the International Classification of Diseases (11th version), which mainly dates from traditional Chinese medicine and is widely accepted in Southeast Asian countries such as Japan, Korea, and India. The contents of chemical constituents vary with geographical origin Zhou and his coauthors indicated that the total contents of seven index components (castanoside A, echinacoside, isoacteoside, 2′-actylacteoside, castanoside C, and tubluoside B) of C. tubulosa from south of Xinjiang were approximately six times those of Kuitun and Hami in China[11]. Among these chemical components, acteoside and echinacoside are regarded as index components for the quality control of herbal medicine. No study has reported combined strategies that incorporate potential suitable locations after division and chemical component contents for the quality control of herbal medicine. The combination of the index component contents and suitable areas was systematically analyzed for better development and utilization of these endangered Cistanche plants in China and other countries
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