Abstract
By the end of the twentieth century, the interest in natural compounds as probable sources of drugs has declined and was replaced by other strategies such as molecular target-based drug discovery. However, in the recent times, natural compounds regained their position as extremely important source drug leads. Indole-containing compounds are under clinical use which includes vinblastine and vincristine (anticancer), atevirdine (anti-HIV), yohimbine (erectile dysfunction), reserpine (antihypertension), ajmalicine (vascular disorders), ajmaline (anti-arrhythmic), vincamine (vasodilator), etc. Monoterpene Indole Alkaloids (MIAs) deserve the curiosity and attention of researchers due to their chemical diversity and biological activities. These compounds were considered as an impending source of drug-lead. In this review 444 compounds, were identified from six genera belonging to the family Apocynaceae, will be discussed. These genera (Alstonia, Rauvolfia, Kopsia, Ervatamia, and Tabernaemontana, and Rhazya) consist of 400 members and represent 20% of Apocynaceae species. Only 30 (7.5%) species were investigated, whereas the rest are promising to be investigated. Eleven bioactivities, including antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant activities, were reported. Whereas cytotoxic effect represents 47% of the reported activities. Convincingly, the genera selected in this review are a wealthy source for future anticancer drug lead.
Highlights
Alkaloids are basic nitrogenous natural metabolites with structural diversity and molecular conformity
Natural products have an unprecedented molecular conformity with a diversity of functionalities. These characteristics enable them to produce biological effects, which validates the initial step for a drug lead
Many alkaloids displaying fascinating molecular structures with diverse physiological and pharmacological effects have been isolated from plant families
Summary
Alkaloids are basic nitrogenous natural metabolites with structural diversity and molecular conformity. The MIAs could be produced from tryptophan and secologanin in 1:2 or 2:1 ratio According to this arrangement, three types (classes) of monoterpenes were constructed, including, corynanthe (e.g., ajmalicine), aspidosperma (e.g., tabersonine) and iboga (e.g., catharanthine) [11,12,13]. These MIAs were biosynthetically classified according to the tepenoidal fragment, i.e., corynanthe, aspidosperma, or iboga It focuses on the origin, structural diversity and biological activities exerted by 444 (Table 1) monoterpene indole alkaloids which have been reported from selected six genera of the family Apocynaceae (Alstonia, Kopsia, Ervatamia, Rauvolfia, Tabernaemontana and Rhazya), in the period between 2010 and December 2020. This review will discuss the reported structural activity relationships
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