Chemical detections of active compounds in Melilotus indica extracts

Abstract

The crude extracts of the leaves of melilotus indica which collected in two dates (midFebruary, mid March) have been prepared by three solvents (Distilled water, ethanol 80% and chloroform) and three buffer solutions (Sodium acetate buffer, Sodium phosphate buffer and Tris-hydrochloric acid buffer), the greater percentage of crude extracts achieved by phosphate buffer which were 47.3% and 29.2% for second and first dates, respectively, while the lowest percentage of crude extracts achieved by chloroform extracts which were 13.2% and 10.0% for second and first dates, respectively. The qualitative chemical detections for active compounds in crude extracts revealed a positive results for the saponins, tannins, coumarins, flavones and glycosides, while the detections revealed a negative results for the alkaloids, resins and volatile oils. The active compounds in crude extracts prepared by solvents and buffer solutions were studied by thin layer chromatography (TLC), the solvent extracts were contains five compounds with relative flow (RF) 0.65, 0.4 for coumarin and umbelliferon, respectively, and 0.5, 0.27, 0.2 which belong to simple coumarins compounds in melilotus indica, while buffer solution extracts were contains two compounds with RF value 0.65 and 0.4 for coumarin and umbelliferon, respectively.