Abstract
This paper investigates the process of chemical deposition of CdS films from ammonia-thiourea solutions. It was established that a change in the turbidity of solution occurs in the process of chemical deposition. The results of visual observations and measurement of turbidity of solution allowed us to establish that these dependences could be used to monitor the status of the process. Visual observations correlate with the obtained dependences for turbidity and suggest that the chemical deposition of CdS includes the accumulation of colloidal-dispersed precipitate in the volume of solution, agglomeration of CdS particles, and a stationary mode of the CdS film growth at the surface of a sample. The first stage of the process is matched by a sharp increase in the turbidity of solution; the second stage is accompanied by the emergence of a maximum in the dependence. No significant change in turbidity occurs at the third stage. The observation of morphology of the resulting precipitate allowed us to establish working concentrations of reagents in solution, which ensure obtaining a high-quality CdS film with a thickness not less than 100 μm. The working concentrations of cadmium chloride, ammonia, and thiourea are, respectively, 1.8, 0.6, and 8.4 g·l –1 . It was assumed that the CdS formation is accompanied by the formation of thiourea. This is confirmed by data on the analysis of a working solution. An analysis of the solution revealed high concentrations of the CO 3 2– ions, which are a product of the thiourea decomposition. The data obtained are a preliminary stage in the development of a technology of chemical deposition of CdS films from ammonia-thiourea solutions.
Highlights
Interest in renewable energy sources (RES) that work based on the conversion of solar energy is predetermined by the negative trends in the development of traditional energy generation, which imply rapid depletion of natural resources and environmental pollution
To fabricate Photoelectric converters (PEC) based on CdS, sulfide films are deposited onto the substrate made of a metal or glass
We have investigated influence of the concentration of separate components of solution on the process of CdS formation using a method of chemical deposition from ammonia-thiourea solutions
Summary
Interest in renewable energy sources (RES) that work based on the conversion of solar energy is predetermined by the negative trends in the development of traditional energy generation, which imply rapid depletion of natural resources and environmental pollution. To fabricate PEC based on CdS, sulfide films are deposited onto the substrate made of a metal or glass. Technology organic and inorganic substances methods were developed for obtaining CdS in the form of compact coatings using sophisticated techniques, which makes the films rather costly. From an economic and technological points of view, of interest is the method of chemical deposition of CdS films from solution. An important stage in the introduction of this method is to determine the mode of deposition of films, which primarily implies the establishment of optimal concentrations of chemical reagents
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