Abstract
Alpinia officinarum has been confirmed to possess bioactivities against some pests. In this work, a sample was obtained from A. officinarum rhizomes by supercritical fluid CO2 extraction (SFE). According to GC-MS analysis, the main chemical components for SFE-sample included benzylacetone (26.77%), 1,7-diphenyl-5-hydroxy-3-heptanone (17.78%), guaiacylacetone (10.03%) and benzenepropanal (7.42%). The essential oil of A. officinarum rhizomes (LD50 = 20.71 μg/adult) exhibited more contact toxicity than SFE extract (LD50 = 82.72 μg/adult) against Tribolium castaneum. From SFE extracts, one new compound, 1-phenyl-4-(16,17-dimethyl-9,13-octadiene)-5-isopentenyl-7-(4”-methoxyl-3”-hydroxyl-phenyl)-3-heptanone (3), together with five known compounds identified as 5-hydroxy-1,7-diphenyl-3-heptanone (1), 1,7-diphenyl-4-hepten-3-one (2), galangin (4), galangin-3-methyl ether (5) and pinocembrin (6), were isolated and their feeding deterrent activities against T. castaneum adults were assessed. It was found that compounds 1–6 had feeding deterrent activities against T. castaneum with feeding deterrent indices of 18.21%, 18.94%, 19.79%, 26.99%, 20.34%, and 35.81%, respectively, at the concentration of 1500 ppm. Hence, the essential oil and SFE extracts/compounds of A. officinarum rhizomes represent promising alternatives in the control of T. castaneum adults.
Highlights
It is estimated that direct and indirect losses of grains and grain-based products caused by stored-product insects range from about 10% in temperate regions to almost 50% in humid tropical areas [1]
The yield of supercritical fluid CO2 extraction (SFE)-sample is much higher than the essential oil because supercritical fluids diffusivities are much faster than in liquids
The main compounds were identified as benzylacetone (26.77%), 1,7-diphenyl-5-hydroxy-3-heptanone (17.78%), guaiacylacetone
Summary
It is estimated that direct and indirect losses of grains and grain-based products caused by stored-product insects range from about 10% in temperate regions to almost 50% in humid tropical areas [1]. Several chemical insecticides have been used to protect stored products from insect infestation. Antagonistic storage is a traditional Chinese medicinal material conservation method that has been used for medicinal materials that have special volatile odors to prevent other Chinese medicinal materials from suffering insect attacks [9]. This method has been in use for a long time, playing an important role in the ecological protection and utilization of traditional
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