Abstract
In this work, a poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA)-based composite was enriched with one of the following sol-gel bioactive glasses (SBG) at 50 wt.%: A1—40 mol% SiO2, 60 mol% CaO, CaO/SiO2 ratio of 1.50; S1—80 mol% SiO2, 20 mol% CaO, CaO/SiO2 ratio of 0.25; A2—40 mol% SiO2, 54 mol% CaO, 6 mol% P2O5, CaO/SiO2 ratio of 1.35; S2—80 mol% SiO2,16 mol% CaO, 4 mol% P2O5, CaO/SiO2 ratio of 0.20. The composites and PLGA control sheets were then soaked for 24 h in culture media, and the obtained condition media (CM) were used to treat human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs) for 72 h. All CMs from the composites increased ERK 1/2 activity vs. the control PLGA CM. However, expressions of cell migration-related c-Fos, osteopontin, matrix metalloproteinase-2, C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4, vascular endothelial growth factor, and bone morphogenetic protein 2 were significantly increased only in cells treated with the CM from the A1/PLGA composite. This CM also significantly increased the rate of human BMSC migration but did not affect cell metabolic activity. These results indicate important biological markers that are upregulated by products released from the bioactive composites of a specific chemical composition, which may eventually prompt osteoprogenitor cells to colonize the bioactive material and accelerate the process of tissue regeneration.
Highlights
During natural bone remodeling or its repair as a result of fractures, diseases, or injuries, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) migrate to the site of injury and differentiate into osteoblasts to regenerate bone tissue
Human BMSCs exposed for 72 h to the condition media (CM) from the A1/PLGA had significantly elevated c-Fos, OPN, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and CXCR4 mRNA levels, the transcripts potentially involved in the cell migration process
The expressions of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), MMP-2, OPN, VEGF, and c-Fos were examined due to their potential involvement in the human BMSC initial response to the chemical compounds released from the studied materials [10]
Summary
During natural bone remodeling or its repair as a result of fractures, diseases, or injuries, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) migrate to the site of injury and differentiate into osteoblasts to regenerate bone tissue. The migration of mesenchymal cells to the bone regeneration site is a key issue in bone formation and repair. Recent studies have stressed the issue of obtaining the correct MSC migration to the site of bone tissue repair to increase the effectiveness of any potential MSC-based bone therapy [1]. SBGs were incorporated into the PLGA matrix at 50 wt.% The studies regarding these materials have focused so far on direct cell–material interactions, but the products released from these materials may play a biological function, especially due to their high bioactivity and osteoinductivity [6,7]
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