Abstract
Amomum cardamomum is a local cardamom that grows widely and recently developed as and agroforestry crops in Indonesia. Its seeds, leaves and rhizomes are sources of essential oil. Essential oils from cardamom have many benefits for health and flavouring agent. The objectives of this study were to elucidate the yield, chemical composisition, physico-chemical properties, and antioxidant activities of leaves and rhizomes oils of cardamom were distillated using water-steam distillation for 4, 6, and 8 hours. The chemical composition were analyzed by GC-MS, physicochemical properties were analyzed used ISO standard and antioxidant activity were analyzed by DPPH method. The results showed that A. cardamomun oils yield between 0.06-0.33%. The main compound in the oils is 1,8-cineole with the highest percentage was obtained from cardamom rhizomes oil was distillated for 6 hours (60.63%). The results of each sample almost have the same quality with specific gravity between 0.899 – 0.909; refractive index between 1.476-1.478; optical rotation between (+)2.05⁰-(+)2.38⁰; miscibility in 70% alcohol between 1:7-1:9; and acid number between 0.49-0.69. The leaves and rhizomes oils of A. cardamomum showed potent antioxidant activity with the highest antioxidant were obtained from cardamom rhizomes oil were distillated for 8 hours with IC50: 0.039 g/ml.
Highlights
IntroductionThere are two types of cardamom that are grown in Indonesia namely Amomum cardamomum (local cardamom) and Elettaria cardamomum (cardamom sabrang) (Suryadinata 2008)
There are two types of cardamom that are grown in Indonesia namely Amomum cardamomum and Elettaria cardamomum (Suryadinata 2008)
The yield of A. cardamomum oil were obtained from distillation time of 4, 6,and 8 hours were different, the yield of leaves oils had tendency increasing by the increasing of distillation time
Summary
There are two types of cardamom that are grown in Indonesia namely Amomum cardamomum (local cardamom) and Elettaria cardamomum (cardamom sabrang) (Suryadinata 2008). A. cardamomum is native to Indonesia, endemic to the mountainous areas in western Java. This species is commonly cultivated in Western Java, Southern Sumatra, and Moluccas whereas Java and Sumatra are the major growing areas (Lim 2013). A. cardamomum is a crop that widely cultivated in Indonesia, because of high economic value, suitable growing site, and can grow well under forest stands. Agroforestry between forest plants and cardamom began to be widely developed in Indonesia such in Ciamis, West Java. Part of cardamom plant that is generally used to produce essential oil is seed, while the leaves and rhizome cardamom has not been widely utilized. Leaves and rhizome of cardamom can produce essential oils (Winarsi 2014)
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