Chemical Compositions, Somatic Embryogenesis, and Somaclonal Variation in Cumin.

Moslem Bahmankar,Masoud Tohidfar,Seyed Ahmad Sadat Noori,Giandomenico Corrado,Rosa Rao,Ali Izadi Darbandi,Seyed Mohammad Mahdi Mortazavian

doi:10.1155/2017/7283806

Abstract

This is the first report evaluating the relationship between the chemical compositions of cumin seeds (based on the analysis of the content of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, proline, protein, terpenic compounds, alcohol/phenols, aldehydes, and epoxides) and the induction efficiency of somatic embryogenesis in two Iranian superior cumin landraces (Golestan and North Khorasan). Cotyledons isolated from Golestan landrace seeds cultivated on MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/L kinetin proved to be the best primary explant for the induction of somatic embryogenesis as well as the regeneration of the whole plantlet. Results indicated that different developmental stages of somatic embryos were simultaneously observed on a callus with embryogenic potential. The high content of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, proline, and terpenic hydrocarbons and low content of alcoholic and phenolic compositions had a stimulatory effect on somatic embryogenesis. Band patterns of RAPD markers in regenerated plants were different from those of the mother plants. This may be related to somaclonal variations or pollination system of cumin. Generally, measurement of chemical compositions can be used as a marker for evaluating the occurrence of somatic embryogenesis in cumin. Also, somaclonal variations of regenerated plants can be applied by the plant breeders in breeding programs.

Highlights

Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) is one of the most important spicy and medical plants in the world, which belongs to the Apiaceae family
Results of this study identified effective factors in somatic embryogenic ability such as plant genetic properties, type of explant, and type and concentration of Plant growth regulators (PGRs) and the cotyledon of Golestan landrace in MS + 0.1 mg/L Kin medium was the best treatment
The results suggested that different developmental stages of somatic embryos were simultaneously observed on a callus with embryogenic potential

Summary

Introduction

Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) is one of the most important spicy and medical plants in the world, which belongs to the Apiaceae family. Studies showed that various genotypes in a plant species have different embryogenesis capabilities, depending on genetic and biochemical properties, ability level of key elements in regeneration path, and endogenous phytohormones metabolism [10]. Dave and Batra [11] conducted the first study of somatic embryogenesis in cumin using different explants including root, hypocotyls, and cotyledons. They stated that hypocotyl explants in MS medium complemented with 8 mg/L BA showed the best response to embryogenesis and emphasized the necessity of cytokinins hormone for production and development of cumin somatic embryos [11]

Methods

Results

Conclusion