Abstract
This study reported the chemical compositions of PM2.5 for seven kinds of China IV diesel trucks and three kinds of stage II construction equipment. Filter samples were directly collected at the tailpipe with a dilution system. Twenty elements (Al, Si, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Sn, Sb, Ba and Pb), water-soluble ions (WSIs) including NH4+, K+, Ca2+, Cl−, NO3− and SO42−, and carbonaceous species were analyzed and characterized. The uncertainties of these species were also estimated. Overall, the highest proportion of PM2.5 was contributed by carbonaceous matter (OC and EC), accounting for 46.4 and 38.5% for trucks and construction equipment, respectively. The EC/OC ratios were higher than 1, with lowest in light-duty diesel trucks (LDDTs) as 1.4 ± 0.2 and highest in excavators as 5.1 ± 0.3. Similarities and differences were compared among source profiles using the residual (R)/uncertainty (U) ratios. Also Pearson’s correlation coefficients among the chemical compositions were analyzed to determine the relationships between the various chemical components. In addition, the source profiles of diesel trucks and construction equipment in our study were compared with those reported by other studies in recent years from China. Variations were observed in the results due to uncontrolled factors such as operating conditions, fuel quality and sampling measurements. To assess these uncertainties, better knowledge of local source profiles and more elaborate measurements are needed for future research.
Highlights
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution has been a great concern due to its adverse influence on environmental problems, including haze formation (Wang et al 2016; Huang et al 2014) and climate change (Wang et al 2014), as well as public health such as cardiovascular disease and cancer (Brook et al 2010; West et al 2016)
In China, diesel vehicles are responsible for 99% of vehicle emissions they only account for 15.2% of on-road vehicles (Deng et al 2016)
The main compositions of diesel trucks and construction equipment are shown in Table 2 and Fig. 1
Summary
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution has been a great concern due to its adverse influence on environmental problems, including haze formation (Wang et al 2016; Huang et al 2014) and climate change (Wang et al 2014), as well as public health such as cardiovascular disease and cancer (Brook et al 2010; West et al 2016). Previous studies have shown that mobile sources contributed 12.6–44% to PM pollution, which is predominantly from diesel exhaust (Huang et al 2015; Cai et al 2016; Cui et al 2017; Reff et al 2009). In China, diesel vehicles are responsible for 99% of vehicle emissions they only account for 15.2% of on-road vehicles (Deng et al 2016). The non-road diesel mobile source plays an important role in economic and. A series of emission standards (from the China I to China V) have been promulgated for on-road diesel exhaust since . For the non-road diesel exhaust, the first emission standard was adopted in 2007 (stage I), 7 years later than that in the US. The stage III was adopted in April of 2016, following the new amended Air Pollution Law (Wu et al 2017)
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
