Chemical Compositions, Mosquito Larvicidal and Antimicrobial Activities of Essential Oils of Hedychium stenopetalum Lodd. and Hedychium villosum Wall. of Zingiberaceae from Vietnam

Abstract

The chemical constituents, larvicidal and antimicrobial activities of hydrodistilled essential oils from the leaves and rhizomes of Hedychium stenopetalum Lodd. and Hedychium villosum Wall. from Vietnam are reported. The main constituents of both essential oils were α-pinene (8.5%-21.6%) and β-pinene (32.2%-52.2%). Linalool (28.5%) and 1,8-cineole (10.7%) were identified in the rhizomes of H. stenopetalum and H. villosum, respectively. Essential oils from leaf and rhizome of H. stenopetalum exhibited larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti with median lethal concentrations (LC50) values of 16.33 μg/mL and 19.37 μg/mL, at 24 h, respectively. The lethal concentration required to kill 90% of population exposed (LC90) values at the same test period were 49.76 μg/mL and 26.19 μg/mL, respectively. On the other hand, H. villosum oils were the most active against Culex quiquefasciatus with LC50 values of 19.58 μg/mL (LC90 value of 26.67 μg/mL) and 19.78 μg/mL (LC90 value of 27.13 μg/mL), respectively. Hedychium villosum oils showed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923, Bacillus cereus ATCC14579 and Candida albicans ATCC10231 with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) values between 7.66 µg/mL and 8.57 µg/mL. H. stenopetalum leaf oil displayed antimicrobial activity towards Enterococcus faecalis ATCC299212 (MIC 7.88 µg/mL). The results may provide basis for further exploitation of H. stenopetalum and H. villosum as larvicidal and antimicrobial agents.