Chemical Composition of <i>Glycine soja</i> (Fabaceae) Seeds from the Amur Region Territory

Abstract

Abstract—Wild soybean Glycine soja Sieb. Zucc., the wild ancestor of the cultivated soybean Glycine max (L.) Merr., is the source of many valuable genes missing in the genotype of cultivated soybean, including stress resistance to adverse environmental factors. The biochemical parameters (protein, oil, ascorbic acid, carotene, higher fatty acids, specific activity and multiple forms of enzymes of the oxidoreductase and hydrolase classes) of five forms of wild soybeans from the collection of the All-Russian Research Institute of Soybean, which are unique natural gene banks, were studied. The wild seeds were collected for in three districts of the Amur Region (Arkharinsky, Blagoveshchensk, Belogorsky) and grown on the crop rotation field. The obtained results of enzymatic activity (superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, ribonuclease, acid phosphatase, esterase and amylase) and biochemical parameters of the studied seeds of wild soybean forms allowed us to identify the form KA-1413 with high biochemical parameters (protein, oleic and linolenic acids), a low specific polyphenol oxidase activity, and an increased activity of superoxide dismutases, esterases and ribonucleases. Thus, the wild soybean form KA-1413 can be recommended as a source of dominant genes, which will help to increase the adaptive potential of new soybean varieties. The increased heterogeneity of multiple forms of SOD, AML, RNase and esterase in wild soybean seeds can be used as adaptation markers to environmental conditions.