Chemical composition of liquid smoke from coconut shell waste produced by SME in Rongkop Gunungkidul

Abstract

The availability of coconut shell waste in Rongkop, Gunungkidul has the opportunity to be processed into several products, including liquid smoke products, in one month production requires ± 1000 coconuts to be made. Liquid smoke is obtained from smoke condensation in the pyrolysis process. The liquid smoke contains phenol group compounds, acid groups, and carbonyl groups such as those found in natural smoke. All three can simultaneously act as antioxidants and antimicrobials as well as providing a distinctive color and flavor effect of smoke on food products. In this study, the pyrolysis process was implemented with variations in the heating temperature at 200°C; 250°C; 300°C with 8 hours of cooking time, and 1-5 cm of coconut shell size, 5.87% moisture content with 5 kg process capacity. This pyrolysis process produces a dark brown liquid with an average pH value of 3. Each of the pyrolysis liquid fumes is analyzed using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry to determine the chemical components inside. From the results showed, there were 16 chemical components identified at 200°C, the largest component was Acetic acid at 51.6%, 30 chemical components were identified at 250°C, the largest component was Acetic acid 50.88%, 48 chemical components were identified at 300°C, and the largest component Acetic acid at 39.98%.