Abstract
The review describes the chemical composition and properties of milk, its importance for the development of the child and the formation of its individual organs and systems. The composition of colostrum and mature milk is considered in detail; presents detailed data on the individual components of milk: proteins, fats, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins, enzymes; a comparison was made of the composition of human milk and individual mammals; the characteristics of such biologically active compounds as hormones and protective factors of milk are given. While human milk contains a large number of different components (400), the ratio of which varies depending on the needs of each individual breastfed child, the composition of milk formulas of the most advanced developments includes only 40–50 of these components.
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