Chemical Composition of Essential Oils from Aerial Parts of Ferula gummosa (Apiaceae) in Jajarm Region, Iran Using Traditional Hydrodistillation and Solvent-Free Microwave Extraction Methods: A Comparative Approach

Abstract

Volatile oils obtained by hyrodistillation (HD) and solvent free microwave extraction (SFME) from the aerial parts of Ferula gummosa (Apiaceae) were analyzed by means of GC and GC-MS. A total of forty two compounds were identified in the hyrodistilled oil accounting for 96.5 % of the oil, of which γ-elemene (14.1 %), germacrene B (11.8 %), (E)-γ-bisabolene (10.7 %), viridiflorene (8.1 %) and epizonaren (6.2 %) were found to be the most abundant constituents. In the oil obtained by SFME, thirty nine natural compounds were recognized, representing 98.4 % of the chemical profile, with aromadendrene (17.6 %), germacrene B (16.2 %), γ-elemene (6.5 %), (E)-γ-bisabolene (6.3 %) and β-elemene (5.1 %) being the major components. Therefore, in both oils sesquiterpene hydrocarbons predominated over other compounds.