Abstract
S. integrifolium inflorescences, and caryophyllene oxide (19.0±2.2 %) along with germacrene D (13.1±4.4 %) dominated in the oil from S. trifoliatum. Earlier research [3] showed that α-pinene (to 20.9 %) and caryophyllene oxide (to 13.4 %) were the dominating constituents of oil from S. perfoliatum inflorescences. Oil from S. integrifolium was characterized by quite a high percentage of camphene (5.3±0.4 %), limonene (3.4±0.5 %) with the presence of bornyl acetate (6.5±0.5 %), and allo-aromadendr-9-ene (5.6±0.5 %) that were absent in essential oil made from the other taxon studied. β-Caryophyllene (4.4±0.9 %) and silphiperfol-6-en-5-one (7.3±0.7 %) were worth mentioning in oil from S. trifoliatum. Besides volatile compounds in the studied lipophilic extracts, the following sterols were present in large amounts: γ-sitosterol and stigmasterol, as well as triterpene alcohols such as β-amyrine and α-amyrine. Furthermore, higher alkanes, free fatty acids, their derivatives, and vitamin E were identified in ether extracts. It can be supposed that some of the identified components of the studied extracts and essential oils from inflorescences are produced by Silphium plants as pollinating insects. Earlier research [8, 9] revealed that verbenone, carveol, bornyl acetate, or (Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid methyl ester, which were also identified in the present study, attracted honey-bee Apis mellifera abundantly visiting flowering plants of the studied species. The performed study revealed similarity of leaf anatomical structure and, to some extent, essential oils and ether extracts from these organs of S. integrifolium and S. trifoliatum to the earlier described S. perfoliatum. However, among the tested oils and extracts, significant amounts of bornyl acetale and allo-aromadendr-9-ene were found only in S. integrifolium rhizomes, which were absent in previously examined S. perfoliatum.
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