Abstract
Waste generation at slaughter from ruminant has led to environmental concerns. Processing slaughter house waste will reduce the problem of disposal and possible utilisation in livestock feed. Subjecting Cattle hoof meal to different processing methods can help in enhancing its nutritive value. Cattle hoof were obtained from the slaughter house; raw hoof was subjected to processing methods by boiling; chemical treatment with 10 % soda ash + boiling; fermentation treatment in water + boiling; 10 % wood ash treatment in water + boiling; autoclave treatment and samples analysed for proximate composition, amino acid profile and mineral content analysis according to standard methods. The hoof proximal analysis ranged 9.30 ± 0.06 % – 12.39 ± 0.01 % moisture content; 0.34 ± 0.01 % – 2.50 ± 0.12 % ash; 0.31 ± 0.01 % – 1.47 ± 0.02 % crude fat; 0.19 ± 0.02 % – 12.71 ± 0.15 % crude fibre and 85.27 ± 0.20 % – 90.74 ± 0.26 % crude protein in all samples. The amino acids profile of the hoof showed significant difference among treated samples. Tryptophan an essential amino acid was below detectable limit in all processed samples and raw hoof. The essential and non-essential minerals content showed significant difference (P < 0.05) among treatments with highest (Mg, Fe, K) in wood ash; (Cu) in raw hoof; (Ca, Na, P, Mn, Zn) in autoclaved samples. This study, suggest that Cattle hoof has the potential of being exploited as a source of animal protein for feed formulation in animal nutrition. This research concludes that the different processing methods affect the nutritive profiles of treated samples hence supplementation of limiting amino acids envisaged.
Highlights
The scarcity and increasing cost of animal and plant protein utilization in livestock nutrition, due to decreasing catch of capture fisheries from the wild and human population explosion competition for food of plant origin with livestock has generated concern for scientists
Sand sediment was washed off samples and sundried for fourteen days (Falaye, 1992) Cattle hoof were crushed to 4mm diameter by improvised plastic crusher
Statistical analysis The data were analysed using one–way analysis of variance (ANOVA), results from triplicate determination expressed as mean ± standard error (SE) and significant differences tested with Duncan Multiple Range test at P-value of 0.05 using SPSS version 20.0
Summary
The scarcity and increasing cost of animal and plant protein utilization in livestock nutrition, due to decreasing catch of capture fisheries from the wild and human population explosion competition for food of plant origin with livestock has generated concern for scientists. Slaughter house waste of poultry feather keratin (Falaye, 1982; Omitoyin, 1995) has been assessed for their nutrient value and their implication in fish nutrition. Hooves are part of inedible animal by-product discarded (Kiyanjui & Noor, 2013) while its exploitation in value addition is less considered (Kakkah et al, 2014; Alao et al, 2017). It contains no anti-nutrient factor (Belewu et al, 2008) can find application in animal nutrition (Chojnacka et al, 2011). Ukrainian Journal of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, 2020, Vol 3, N 1 assessed the proximate, amino acid and mineral content of Cattle hoof keratin subjected to different methods of processing
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