Abstract
BackgroundElaeagnus umbellata Thunb. (autumn olive) is a high valued medicinal plant. It belongs to Elaeagnaceae family and is widely distributed in Himalayan regions of Pakistan. In the present study essential oil were extracted from the fruit of this plant and their antioxidant, anticholinesterase and antidiabetic potentials were also evaluated.MethodsEssential oils were extracted from the fruit of E. umbellata using hydro-distillation method and were characterized by GC-MS. The extracted oil were tested for its antioxidant, anticholinesterase, and antidiabetic potentials using standard protocols.ResultsAbout 68 compounds were identified by GC-MS. The extracted oil exhibited a fairly high free radical scavenging activities against DPPH and ABTS radicals with IC50 values of 70 and 105 μg/mL respectively (for ascorbic acid, used as standard, the IC50 values were 32 and 29 μg/mL, respectively against the mentioned radicals). The essential oil also exhibited anticholinesterase activities with IC50 values of 48 and 90 μg/mL respectively against AChE and BChE (for galantamine used as standard, the IC50 values were 25 and 30 μg/mL respectively). The essential oil also exhibited antidiabetic potential with IC50 values of 120 and 110 μg/mL respectively against α-glucosidase and α-amylase (IC50 values for standard acarbose = 28 and 30 μg/mL respectively).ConclusionEssential oil extracted from the fruits of E. umbellata exhibited reasonable antioxidant, anticholinesterase, and antidiabetic potentials that could be used as alternative medicine in treating diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders. However, further studies are needed to isolate responsible compounds and evaluate the observed potential in animal models.Graphical abstract
Highlights
Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb. is a high valued medicinal plant
Medicinal plants are considered as the essential part of human civilization since about 80% of the world population relies on medicinal plants in a number of health complications even in this modern era
(−)caryophyllene oxide, benzofuran, neophytadiene, 3,7, 11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol, n-hexadecanoic acid, 8, 11, 14- docosatrienoic acid, cis-9-hexadecenal, Cis-cis-9, 12-octadecadienoic acid, 9-Octadecenoic acid, (E), octadecanoic acid, and tricosanoic acid that were eluted from Gas Chromatography (GC) column at retention times; 1.39,1.43, 1.60, 12.71, 12.05, 15.02, 18.80, 19.21, 19.32, 24.05, 24.83, 27.55, 31.00, 32.01, 32.08, 32.21, 32.59, and 43.03 min respectively
Summary
(autumn olive) is a high valued medicinal plant. It belongs to Elaeagnaceae family and is widely distributed in Himalayan regions of Pakistan. Pakistan has a variety of land (plane, mountainous and desert) where a variety of plants grow, having medicinal importance [1]. Medicinal plants are valued much as they are factories of natural products and are widely used to treat various diseases. They produces a variety phytochemicals like; carotenoids, phenolic acids, phenols and flavonoids that have exhibited effective antioxidant properties along with other biological potentials [2]. The commercial utilization of high valued medicinal plants are discouraging one which is due to the unavailability of adequate scientific information about their medicinal uses [3]
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