Abstract
This research highlights the chemical composition, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activities of essential oils from leaves of Ocimum basilicum, Ocimum americanum, Hyptis spicigera, Lippia multiflora, Ageratum conyzoides, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Zingiber officinale. Essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–flame ionization detector. Major constituents were α-terpineol (59.78%) and β-caryophyllene (10.54%) for Ocimum basilicum; 1, 8-cineol (31.22%), camphor (12.730%), α-pinene (6.87%) and trans α-bergamotene (5.32%) for Ocimum americanum; β-caryophyllene (21%), α-pinene (20.11%), sabinene (10.26%), β-pinene (9.22%) and α-phellandrene (7.03%) for Hyptis spicigera; p-cymene (25.27%), β-caryophyllene (12.70%), thymol (11.88), γ-terpinene (9.17%) and thymyle acetate (7.64%) for Lippia multiflora; precocene (82.10%)for Ageratum conyzoides; eucalyptol (59.55%), α-pinene (9.17%) and limonene (8.76%) for Eucalyptus camaldulensis; arcurcumene (16.67%), camphene (12.70%), zingiberene (8.40%), β-bisabolene (7.83%) and β-sesquiphellandrène (5.34%) for Zingiber officinale. Antioxidant activities were examined using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) methods. O. basilicum and L. multiflora exhibited the highest antioxidant activity in DPPH and ABTS tests, respectively. Anti-inflammatory properties were evaluated by measuring the inhibition of lipoxygenase activity and essential oil of Z. officinale was the most active. Anti-proliferative effect was assayed by the measurement of MTT on LNCaP and PC-3 prostate cancer cell lines, and SF-763 and SF-767 glioblastoma cell lines. Essential oils from A. conyzoides and L. multiflora were the most active on LNCaP and PC-3 cell lines, respectively. The SF-767 glioblastoma cell line was the most sensitive to O. basilicum and L. multiflora EOs while essential oil of A. conyzoides showed the highest activity on SF-763 cells. Altogether these results justify the use of these plants in traditional medicine in Burkina Faso and open a new field of investigation in the characterization of the molecules involved in anti-proliferative processes.
Highlights
Representing 7.6 million deaths worldwide, or approximately 13% of deaths, cancer is the second cause of mortality [1]
Plant material O. basilicum, O. americanum, H. spicigera, L. multiflora, A. conyzoides, E. camaldulensis and Z. officinale were collected during June 2010 in Gampela, 25 km East from Ouagadougou (Latitude N 12 27.075, Longitude W 1 20.161; GPS location: 12.451244,1.336023)
Composition analysis of the various essential oils Steam distillation, followed by Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and Gas chromatography–flame ionization detector (GC/FID) analyses allowed determining the composition of Essential oils (EOs) of the seven plants from Burkina Faso
Summary
Representing 7.6 million deaths worldwide, or approximately 13% of deaths, cancer is the second cause of mortality [1]. Cancer is nowadays case of major death in the world in the low income countries and middle-incomes. Those numbers of cancer mortality could increase by 50% to reach 15 million by 2030 worldwide [1]. In Burkina Faso, the few statistics show that the annual incidence of cancer from January 1986 to December 2006 in the three laboratories of anatomy and pathological cytology of Ouagadougou was 200 cases per year [2] This extremely low rate was mainly explained by the very low participation of the population in screening of cancers. The most frequent cancers for men are skin cancer (11.37%), followed by non-Hodgkin lymphoma (9.80%) and prostate cancer (9.69%) while breast (23.81%) and uterine neck cancers (22.99%) are the most frequent for women [2]
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