Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Clary Sage and Coriander Essential Oils Produced on Polluted and Amended Soils-Phytomanagement Approach.

Robin Raveau,Joël Fontaine,Loris Mistrulli,Anissa Lounès-Hadj Sahraoui,Sophie Fourmentin,Frédéric Laruelle,Anthony Verdin

doi:10.3390/molecules26175321

Abstract

The potential of essential oils (EO), distilled from two aromatic plants—clary sage (Salvia sclarea L.) and coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.)—in view of applications as natural therapeutic agents was evaluated in vitro. These two were cultivated on a trace element (TE)-polluted soil, as part of a phytomanagement approach, with the addition of a mycorrhizal inoculant, evaluated for its contribution regarding plant establishment, growth, and biomass production. The evaluation of EO as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory, with considerations regarding the potential influence of the TE-pollution and of the mycorrhizal inoculation on the EO chemical compositions, were the key focuses. Besides, to overcome EO bioavailability and target accession issues, the encapsulation of EO in β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) was also assessed. Firstly, clary sage EO was characterized by high proportions of linalyl acetate (51–63%) and linalool (10–17%), coriander seeds EO by a high proportion of linalool (75–83%) and lesser relative amounts of γ-terpinene (6–9%) and α-pinene (3–5%) and coriander aerial parts EO by 2-decenal (38–51%) and linalool (22–39%). EO chemical compositions were unaffected by both soil pollution and mycorrhizal inoculation. Of the three tested EO, the one from aerial parts of coriander displayed the most significant biological effects, especially regarding anti-inflammatory potential. Furthermore, all tested EO exerted promising antioxidant effects (IC50 values ranging from 9 to 38 g L−1). However, EO encapsulation in β-CD did not show a significant improvement of EO biological properties in these experimental conditions. These findings suggest that marginal lands polluted by TE could be used for the production of EO displaying faithful chemical compositions and valuable biological activities, with a non-food perspective.

Highlights

The analysis of essential oils (EO) chemical composition revealed that EO from seeds of coriander and sage contained mostly terpenes, whereas EO from the aerial parts of coriander contained mostly aldehydes and some terpene compounds
A total of 22 compounds were identified in sage EO, while 11 and 15 compounds were identified in the EO of coriander from aerial parts and seeds, respectively
The above findings have shown that the three tested EO, from clary sage and coriander, displayed faithful chemical compositions, despite the soil pollution by trace element (TE) and the addition of a mycorrhizal inoculant

Summary

Introduction

Soil pollution by trace elements (TE) is attracting global concern due to their toxicity, persistency, and ability to negatively affect soil quality, plant growth, and food quality, as well as animal and human health. For these reasons, the reclamation of TE-polluted soils should be considered as a primary objective worldwide [1,2]. Phytotechnologies have emerged during recent decades as promising tools to remediate TE-polluted areas. Based on the use of plants and their associated microorganisms, phytotechnologies are considered as environmental-friendly, cost-effective, and benefit from a high public acceptance [1,3,4]. One of the main strategies, referred to as phytostabilisation, resides in

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