Abstract
The essential oil obtained by microwave-assisted hydro-distillation (MAHD) and hydrodistillation (HD) techniques from the peel of grapefruit (Citrus paradisi. L) from Algeria was analyzed by gas chromatography–flame ionization detector (GC–FID) and gas chromatography ⁄ mass spectrometry (GC⁄ MS). Twenty-one constituents were identified in essential oils obtained by HD and twenty-eight constituents in essential oils by MAHD, representing respectively 99.11% and 99.74% of the total oil. The main constituents were limonene (85.54%-87.51%) for MAHD and HD, β-myrcene (2.99%-3.24%), nootkatone (1.78%-1.80%). The antimicrobial activity of the essential oils was evaluated by disc diffusion method. The results showed interested inhibition growth against the tested bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginos, and Staphylococcus aureus)and the yeast (Candida albicans),with an inhibition zone ranging from 4 to 20 mm.Both essentials oils showed no effect against Aspergilusniger, Verticillium sp and Thielaviopsis sp. The insecticidal activity was investigated against adults ceratitis capitata. Both essential oils showed a toxic effect against this insect (LD50:9.12μl EO/ml of acetone; LD90: 13.18 μl EO/ml of acetone).
Highlights
Citrus paradisi (Rutaceae) has greater value in human diet (Malik, 1994), popularly called grapefruit, its tree grows up to 3-5 m hig and its fruit is mostly big and globular in bright yellow or lemon colored
Significant differences were reported for Nigerian (0.52-0.79%) (Karioti et al, 2012; Okunowo et al, 2013), Turkish (0.44%) (Uysal et al, 2011) and Algerian (0.11%) (Ferhat et al, 2016) grapefruit peel obtained by HD
The percentage of essential oils obtained by microwave-assisted hydro-distillation (MAHD) is higher than that of the Algerian grapefruits peels (Ferhat et al, 2016) and lowers than that of the Turkish essential oil (Uysal et al, 2011)
Summary
Citrus paradisi (Rutaceae) has greater value in human diet (Malik, 1994), popularly called grapefruit, its tree grows up to 3-5 m hig and its fruit is mostly big and globular in bright yellow or lemon colored. Many researches have been carried out on the chemical composition of grapefruits essential oils obtained by hydrodistilation (Caccioni et al, 1998; Ferhat et al, 2016), microwave (Uysal et al, 2011; Ferhat et al, 2016), cold press (Ferhat et al, 2016; Kirbaslar et al, 2009) or micro-wave hydrodiffusion (Jorge and Sánchez, 2000) belonging to different region in the world These studies revealed the limonene as major compound in both oils. In addition the citrus peel extract demonstrate the inhibitory effect of the Adipogenesis caused from high fatinduced dio model (Karagozlu et al, 2016)
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