Abstract
This study systematically analyzed the concentrations of cations and anions and determined the pH in the rainwater at Guiyang from Oct. 2008 to Sep. 2009. The pH in the rainwater varied between 3.35 and 9.99 with a volume-weighted mean value of 4.23. The volume-weighted mean concentrations of anions followed the order SO42->Cl->F->NO3-, whereas the volume-weighted mean concentrations of cations followed the order Ca2+>NH4+>Na+>Mg2+>K+. This finding indicates that SO42- was the main anion and that Ca2+ and NH4+ were the main cations. Significant correlations between each pair of ions (SO42-, NO3-, NH4+, Ca2+, and Mg2+) were observed, suggesting that CaSO4, Ca(NO3)2, MgSO4, Mg(NO3)2, NH4NO3, (NH4)2SO4, and/or NH4HSO4 exist in the atmosphere at Guiyang. The soil-derived species (such as Ca2+) played an important role in the neutralization of the acidity in rainwater. The SO42- and NO3- in the rainwater were mainly from anthropogenic sources, and their contributions accounted for 98.1 % and 94.7 %, respectively. NH4+ was also most likely derived from anthropogenic sources, such as domestic and commercial sewage, and played an important role in the neutralization of the rainwater at Guiyang.
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