Abstract
This paper studied the chemical characteristics and seasonal changes of PM2.5 in plateau cities on the southwest border of China. Urban air was sampled in Baoshan City during the rainy and dry seasons. Finally, 174 PM2.5 filters were collected (including 87 quartz and 87 Teflon samples for PM2.5). The mass concentrations, water-soluble inorganic ions, organic and inorganic carbon concentrations, and inorganic elements constituting PM2.5 were determined. Positive definite matrix factorization was used to identify potential sources of PM2.5, and the backward trajectory model was used to calculate the contribution of the long-distance transmission of air particles to the Baoshan area. It was found that in the wet season, most of the air masses come from the Indian Ocean and Myanmar. In the dry season, the air mass mainly comes from the China and Myanmar border area. The average concentration of PM2.5 in the wet and dry seasons was 23.17 ± 12.23 μg/m3. The daily mean value of OC/EC indicated that the measured SOC content was generated by the photochemical processes active during the sampling days. However, elements from anthropogenic sources (Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, K, Ca, Ti, Fe, Cu, Zn, Sb, Ba, and Pb) accounted for 99.51% and 99.40% of the total inorganic elements in the wet season and dry season, respectively. Finally, source apportionment showed that SIA, dust, industry, biomass burning, motor vehicle emissions, and copper smelting emissions constituted the major contributions of PM2.5 in Baoshan. Using combined data from three measurement sites provides a focus on the common sources affecting all locations.
Highlights
In recent decades, with rapid economic development, industrialization, and urbanization in China, the number of motor vehicles and the total energy consumption has increased
During the two sampling campaigns, the mass concentrations of PM2.5 ranged from 7.03 μg/m3 to 21.24 μg/m3 in the wet season and from 24.21 μg/m3 to 41.01 μg/m3 in the dry season (Figure 2)
The overall concentration of PM2.5 was higher in the dry season than that in the wet season
Summary
With rapid economic development, industrialization, and urbanization in China, the number of motor vehicles and the total energy consumption has increased. Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) has become one of the most significant air contaminants [1,2,3]. During long-range transport, PM2.5 carries abundant anthropogenic pollutants. It has a serious impact on the global and regional climate, the visibility and composition of the atmosphere, the global biogeochemical cycles, and the activation of cloud condensation nuclei [4,5,6]. PM2.5 has been widely studied in China due to its potential impacts on air quality and human health. Water-soluble inorganic ions (WSIIs), organic carbon (OC) particles, inorganic carbon (EC) particles, and inorganic elements (IEs), the main chemical components of PM2.5, have been extensively studied in China [7,8,9]. OC is composed of thousands of organic compounds and contains many toxic substances
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