Abstract
Red wine, an alcoholic beverage is composed of a spectrum of complex compounds such as water, alcohol, glycerol, organic acid, carbohydrates, polyphenols, and minerals as well as volatile compounds. Major factors that affect the levels of phenolic compounds in red wines are the variety of grapes and the storage of the wines. Among the constituents of red wine, phenolic compounds play a crucial role in attributes including color and mouthfeel and confer beneficial properties on health. Most importantly, phenolic compounds such as flavanols, flavonols, flavanones, flavones, tannins, anthocyanins, hydroxycinnamic acids, hydroxybenzoic acids, and resveratrol can prevent the development of cardiovascular diseases, cancers, diabetes, inflammation, and some other chronic diseases.
Highlights
Wine is one of the oldest traditional alcoholic beverages consumed worldwide
The results indicated that oxygen permeating through the medium and high oxygen permeable stoppers favored the increase in polymerization reactions within tannins and between flavan-3-ols and anthocyanins. de Esteban et al [85] studied the influence of different stoppers on the evolution of phenolic compounds during the aging process of Malbec wine
Red wine is an alcoholic beverage associated with diverse chemical compounds including polyphenols such as anthocyanins, flavanol, flavonol, tannins, and non-flavonoid compounds, phenolic acids and resveratrol
Summary
Wine is one of the oldest traditional alcoholic beverages consumed worldwide. Red wine has received special interest due to its pleasant taste and the cultural tradition followed in some countries [3]. It s association with the “French paradox” has prompted consumers to prefer red wine over other alcoholic beverages such as white wine, beer, or spirits [4,5]. The characteristic composition of red wine originates from the quality of raw materials such as grapes, regimes of alcoholic fermentation, and ageing conditions [3,6]. We have highlighted some of the in vitro and clinical studies that support the potential health benefits associated with the consumption of red wine
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