Abstract
Background:Dental whitening has been increasingly sought out to improve dental aesthetics, but may cause chemical and morphological changes in dental enamel surfaces.Objective:Assess in situ the effects of high-concentration hydrogen peroxide with and without fluoride on human dental enamel using the ion chromatography test (IC) and the Knoop hardness test (KHN).Material and Methods:Nineteen enamel specimens were prepared using third human molars. These specimens were fixed on molars of volunteers and were divided into groups: OP38-Opalescence Boost PF38%, PO37-Pola Office 37.5% and CO-Control group. For chemical analysis (n= 3), the dentin layer was removed, keeping only the enamel, which was subjected to acidic digestion by microwave radiation. It was necessary to perform sample dilutions for the elements fluorine (F), calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) for quantification using the IC test. The KHN (n= 5) was performed before and after the treatments. Five indentations were made, separated by 100 µm, for each specimen using a load of 25 gf for 5 seconds in the microdurometer. The data were analyzed using ANOVA with a 5% significance level.Results:The OP38 group had the largest concentrations of F, Ca and P ions. The PO37 group showed the lowest concentrations of F and Ca ions. The average KHN was not significantly different between the OP38 and PO37 groups.Conclusion:Enamel whitened with hydrogen peroxide containing fluoride had greater concentrations of F, Ca and P ions. The presence of fluoride in the whitening agent did not influence the enamel microhardness.
Highlights
Dental whitening has been increasingly sought out to improve dental aesthetics, as the procedure produces good1874-2106/17 2017 Bentham OpenChemical Composition and MicrohardnessThe Open Dentistry Journal, 2017, Volume 11 35 results in the short term
Enamel whitened with hydrogen peroxide containing fluoride had greater concentrations of F, Ca and P ions
The mechanism of action for hydrogen peroxide (HP) is based on the oxidation caused by the release of oxygen, which seeps through the pores present in the enamel prisms and reaches the dentin, breaking up organic molecules and yielding smaller compounds that are clearer and lighter [5]
Summary
The Open Dentistry Journal, 2017, Volume 11 35 results in the short term For this reason, new whitening techniques have been developed and optimized to increase their effectiveness in removing stains, whether intrinsic or extraneous [1, 2]. New whitening techniques have been developed and optimized to increase their effectiveness in removing stains, whether intrinsic or extraneous [1, 2] Whitening agents, such as hydrogen peroxide (HP) and carbamide peroxide (CP), have been widely used because they are effective, low cost, conservative treatments [3]. Dental whitening is effective, some studies report secondary clinical effects, such as gum irritation, dental hypersensitivity [5 - 7], and chemical and morphological changes in dental enamel surfaces subjected to different whitening techniques [2, 8 - 11]. Dental whitening has been increasingly sought out to improve dental aesthetics, but may cause chemical and morphological changes in dental enamel surfaces
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