Abstract
The Culex pipiens mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) is highly suspected to be the vector responsible for the spread of several parasitic and viral diseases. The use of synthetic insecticides is generally the preferred method of controlling these mosquitoes’ proliferation. However, it has led to resistance problems in target mosquitoes and environmental damage. Hence, diverse plant extracts could be considered as an alternative and potential source as mosquito control agents. In this study, essential oils of Lavandula angustifolia subsp. angustifolia and Lavandula dentata spp. dentata that are growing in Morocco were examined for their insecticidal effects on Culex pipiens larvae. The bioassay was performed according to a methodology inspired by the standard protocol of the World Health Organization. The mortality rate was determined after 24 hours of exposure, and probit regression analysis was used to calculate LC50 and LC90. The chemical analysis revealed that the principal compounds of L. angustifolia subsp. essential oils include linalool, linalyl acetate, geraniol, lavandulyl acetate, camphor, β-caryophyllene, terpinen-4-ol, β-myrcene, and 1,8-cineole, while the essential oil of L. dentata spp. was mainly composed of 1,8-cineole, camphor, α-pinene, trans-pinocarveol, linalool, and borneol. These volatile compounds have shown a toxic effect against Culex pipiens larvae, with lethal concentrations LC50 and LC90 being, respectively, 140 µg/ml and 450 µg/ml, for the L. angustifolia subsp. essential oil. Meanwhile, they were estimated at 2670 µg/ml and 7400 µg/ml, respectively, for the L. dentata spp. essential oil. These results suggest using essential oils of two species of Lavandula to control the Culex pipiens mosquito. It could be useful for the study of new natural larvicidal compounds.
Highlights
Culex are among the most important mosquito genera, well known for their public health interest [1]
Both Lavandula angustifolia subsp. angustifolia (L. angustifolia subsp.) and Lavandula dentata spp. dentata (L. dentata spp.) species were used for testing their larvicidal activity; they were collected between April and June 2017, from the region of Taounate, in the mountainous area, which is in the rural community of Timezgana, at an altitude of approximately 800 m. e specimens were deposited and stored in the Herbarium of the National Agency for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants in Taounate, Morocco
Oils was carried out by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS), which allows the identification of compounds according to their mass-to-charge ratio and to precisely quantify the composition of E. oils. e analytical chemical analysis was performed using a Hewlett–Packard instrument equipped with the HP1 fused silica column (30 m × 0.25 mm, film thickness: 0.25 μm) and interfaced with a quadrupole detector (GC-quadrupole MS system, model 5970). e column temperature was programmed from 70 to 200°C at 10°C/min, and the injector temperature was 200°C
Summary
Chemical Composition and Larvicidal Activity of Lavandula angustifolia Subsp. angustifolia and Lavandula dentata Spp. dentata Essential Oils against Culex pipiens Larvae, Vector of West Nile Virus. Angustifolia and Lavandula dentata Spp. dentata Essential Oils against Culex pipiens Larvae, Vector of West Nile Virus. Angustifolia and Lavandula dentata spp. dentata that are growing in Morocco were examined for their insecticidal effects on Culex pipiens larvae. Ese volatile compounds have shown a toxic effect against Culex pipiens larvae, with lethal concentrations LC50 and LC90 being, respectively, 140 μg/ml and 450 μg/ml, for the L. angustifolia subsp. Ese results suggest using essential oils of two species of Lavandula to control the Culex pipiens mosquito. It could be useful for the study of new natural larvicidal compounds
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