Chemical composition and cytotoxic screening of Musa cavendish green peels extract: Antiproliferative activity by activation of different cellular death types

Abstract

Musa cavendish, commonly known as banana, is a fruit with nutritional and therapeutic properties. We investigated the chemical composition and in vitro cytotoxic effect of M. cavendish green peel extract (MHE) on cancer cells for the first time. The compounds characterization was performed by HPLC-UV/Vis and FIA-ESI-IT-MSn. We investigated in vitro cytotoxic effect of Musa cavendish green peels extract (MHE) in HepG2, A-375, MCF-7 and Caco-2 cancer cells. We evaluated the effect of MHE on proliferation of different cell lines through apoptosis, necrosis, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) content determination. We identified 12 compounds from different classes in the extract, including derivatives of phenolic acids, aglycone flavonoids, glycoside flavonoids and catecholamines. Our results indicate that MHE exerts, after 48 h treatment, an accentuated antiproliferative effect from the dose of 100 μg/mL in all cell lines tested. In HepG2 cells, these effects were related to the induction of cell death, both necrotic and apoptotic, and remarkable changes in cell morphology. Depolarization of MMP and high ROS content were also observed in the cells in a dose-dependent manner. Our results show that MHE may be used as a source of new drugs with anticancer activity.