Chemical Composition and Content of Biologically Active Substances Found in Cotinus coggygria, Dactylorhiza maculata, Platanthera chlorantha Growing in Various Territories.

Stanislav Sukhikh,Lyudmila Asyakina,Evgeny Chupakhin,Artem Pungin,Maxim Korobenkov,Elena Ulrikh,Liubov Skrypnik,Viktoria Larina,Olesia Krol,Olga Babich,Timothy Larichev,Svetlana Ivanova

doi:10.3390/plants10122806

Abstract

Medicinal plants (Cotinus coggygria, Dactylorhiza maculata, Platanthera chlorantha) growing in various territories (Kaliningrad, Moscow, and Minsk regions) were the objects of research. This paper presents a study of the chemical composition of these plants. To analyze the qualitative and quantitative composition of biologically active substances, the method of high-performance liquid chromatography was used. Atomic absorption spectrometry was used to study the content of trace elements. The content of organic acids and vitamins was determined by capillary electrophoresis using the Kapel-105/105M capillary electrophoresis system with high negative polarity. Extracts of medicinal plants were obtained on a Soxhlet apparatus using 70% ethanol as an extractant. It was found that among the biologically active substances in the plants under discussion, hyperoside, rutin (C. coggygria), Ferulic acid and Gallic acid (D. maculata), triene hydrocarbon (3,7-Dimethyl-1,3,6-octatriene), unsaturated alcohol (3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-ol), and benzyl acetate (P. chlorantha) prevailed. Samples of these medicinal plants contained trace elements (phosphorus, potassium, calcium, sodium, magnesium, and sulfur) and many aliphatic organic acids (succinic acid, benzoic acid, fumaric acid, citric acid, oxalic acid, and tartaric acid). The largest amount of biologically active substances and secondary metabolites of the studied plants from the Eastern Baltic is associated with climatic and ecological differences from other regions. The composition of these plants determines the potential of their use in feed additives for livestock and poultry as part of measures to improve the quality of livestock products. The use of medicinal plants for the production of feed additives is relevant in terms of improving regional economies, as well as improving the quality of life and nation’s health by providing ecologically clean livestock products.

Highlights

It is known that the Cotinus coggygria biomass is used as a medicinal raw material
The minimal fiber content was found in Cotinus coggygria growing in the Moscow region, and the maximal in C. coggygria growing in the Eastern Baltics
The research resulted in the determination of the chemical composition and content of biologically active substances C. coggygria, D. maculata, and P. chlorantha, growing in various territories (Eastern Baltic (Russia), the Moscow region (Russia), and the Minsk region (Belarus))

Summary

Introduction

It is known that the Cotinus coggygria biomass is used as a medicinal raw material. Medicinal raw materials are being procured during the period from June to August [1,2]. C. coggygria is most valued for its secondary metabolites—hydrolyzable tannins, the content of which varies from 6 to 30% depending on the time of collection and the amount of sun absorbed by the leaf [3,4]. Anti-inflammatory, and antiseptic properties [5]. Other plant parts are of interest; for example, the root-based decoction has antipyretic properties. Water and alcohol extracts from the shrub woody tissue have bactericidal properties. Decoctions of various this plant parts are used to treat stomatitis and pharyngitis. It is worth mentioning that the C. coggygria leaves are included in the pharmacopeia [6,7]

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