Abstract
BackgroundThe young shoots of Rubus idaeus are traditionally used as a herbal remedy in common cold, fever and flu-like infections yet there is no research concerning this plant material. The aim of the study was to evaluate the chemical composition and biological properties of raspberry shoots from 11 cultivar varieties.MethodsThe methanol extracts were subjected to chromatographic analysis using HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS, and two-dimensional ‘comprehensive’ LCxLC techniques. The biological activity of the shoot extract from the ‘Willamette’ cultivar variety was evaluated. Antioxidant activity was tested using DPPH and phosphomolybdenum assay. Antimicrobial activity was estimated towards 15 strains of human pathogenic bacteria using broth microdilution method. Cytotoxic activity was tested using MTT cell viability assay.ResultsThe dominating compounds identified in the shoots of R. idaeus were ellagic acid (26.1 - 106.8 mg/100 g) and sanguiin H-6 (139.2 - 633.1 mg/100 g). The best separation of compounds present in the analysed polyphenol complex, was achieved by ‘comprehensive’ LCxLC method using Nucleodur Sphinx RP column in the first dimension and Chromolith Performance column in the second dimension. The shoot extract was found to be a strong antioxidant (EC50 19.4 μg/ml, AAE 427.94 mg/g) and displayed the strongest bactericidal properties towards Corynebacterium diphtheriae. The extract revealed higher cytotoxic activity towards the HL-60 cells (IC50 110 μg/ml) than HeLa (IC50 300 μg/ml).ConclusionsThe shoots of R. idaeus stand out as a valuable source of sanguiin H-6 and ellagic acid and possess a number of biological properties including antioxidative, antimicrobial and cytotoxic.
Highlights
The young shoots of Rubus idaeus are traditionally used as a herbal remedy in common cold, fever and flu-like infections yet there is no research concerning this plant material
The red raspberry – Rubus idaeus L. (Rosaceae) is a species widely known for its edible fruits
Applying the conditions of optimised HPLC-DADESI-MS method, the methanol shoot extracts from 11 cultivar varieties of R. idaeus were analysed (Figure 2)
Summary
The young shoots of Rubus idaeus are traditionally used as a herbal remedy in common cold, fever and flu-like infections yet there is no research concerning this plant material. (Rosaceae) is a species widely known for its edible fruits. They are most commonly known as food products, they are a popular anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial remedy used in traditional medicine in eastern parts of Europe. The most common herbal drug in folk medicine is the fruit, the shoots of R. idaeus have been used to treat common cold, fever and flu-like infections [1]. Much interest has been given to the chemical composition and biological properties of raspberries [2], no similar research concerning raspberry shoots was performed up to date. Ellagitannins, as well as some flavonoids have been detected in raspberry leaves [10,11]
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