Abstract
Context: Helicteres vegae Cristóbal (Sterculiaceae) (Hv) and Heliopsis sinaloensis B.L. Turner (Asteraceae) (Hs) are endangered and poorly studied plant species; related plants have been used against chronic-degenerative and infectious diseases. Therefore, Hv and Hs could be sources of bioactive compounds against these illnesses.Objective: To determine the chemical composition and biological activities (antioxidant, antimutagenic and antimicrobial) of Hv and Hs leaves (L) and stems (S).Materials and methods: Methanol extracts (ME) of each plant/tissue were evaluated for their phytochemicals; phenolics (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS); antioxidant activity (AA) (0.125–4 mg/mL) (DPPH, ABTS, ORAC and β-carotene discoloration); antimutagenicity (0.5 and 1 mg/plate) (Ames assay, tester strain Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium YG1024, 1-nitropyrene as mutagen); activity against human pathogens (1 mg/mL); and toxicity (0.01–2 mg/mL) (Artemia salina assay).Results: All ME showed flavonoids and triterpenes/steroids. The ME-SHv had the highest content of total phenolics (TP) (2245.82 ± 21.45 mg GAE/100 g d.w.) and condensed tannins (603.71 ± 1.115 mg CE/100 g d.w.). The compounds identified were flavonoids (kaempferol 7-O-coumaroylhexoside, and two kaempferol 7-O-rhamnosylhexosides) and phenolics [rosmarinic acid, and 3′-O-(8″-Z-caffeoyl) rosmarinic acid]. The ME-LHs showed the highest content of flavonoids (357.88 mg RE/g d.w.) and phenolic acids (238.58 mg CAE/g d.w.) by HPLC. The ME-SHv showed the highest AA. All ME were strong antimutagens (63.3-85.7%). Only the Hs extracts were toxic (ME-LHs, LC50 = 94.9 ± 1.7 μg/mL; ME-SHs, LC50 = 89.03 ± 4.42 μg/mL).Discussion and conclusions: Both Hv and Hs are potential sources of preventive and therapeutic agents against chronic-degenerative diseases.
Highlights
Chronic-degenerative diseases (CDD) represent serious public health problems worldwide
Phenolics are among these metabolites; they are associated with many biological properties of plant extracts (Cervellati et al 2002; Zhu et al 2014), and characterized from complex plant mixtures by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-electrospray ionization source (ESI)-MS) (Ablajan et al 2006)
Colorimetric assay suggested tannins are highly abundant in the Methanol extracts (ME)-SHv
Summary
Chronic-degenerative diseases (CDD) represent serious public health problems worldwide. Plants have been traditionally used for the treatment of several diseases, and they represent an important source of bioactive compounds against CDD. Phenolics are among these metabolites; they are associated with many biological properties (e.g., antioxidant and antimutagenic) of plant extracts (Cervellati et al 2002; Zhu et al 2014), and characterized from complex plant mixtures by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS) (Ablajan et al 2006). Turner (Asteraceae) are endemic plants to the state of Sinaloa, which is located in northwestern Mexico These plant species have not been previously studied; other members of these genera have been used to treat CDD and infectious diseases (MolinaTorres et al 1999; Varghese et al 2012), and specific compounds have been associated with such biological activities (Arriaga-Alba et al 2013)
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