Abstract
The chemical composition of Ocimum basilicum L. essential oil obtained from Egypt and Al Madinah Al Munwara, Saudi Arabia were analyzed using Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Fifty-six components represented 96.33% were identified in the essential oil of Egyptian herb, while 65 components detected in Madinah oil with 92.17% of the chromatographic peak area. Methyl chavicol (27.82%) and linalool (25.35%), were found to be the dominant constituents in Egyptian Ocimum basilicum L. (methylchavicoal-linalool chemotype), however eugenol (25.85%) and linalool (13.41%) were the major component in the essential oil of Madinah herb (eugenol-linalool chemotype). The antioxidant activity was investigated, where different assays were used namely scavenging of the biphenyl picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) and β-Carotene / linolelic bleaching as well as measuring the total phenolic for both essential oils. The essential oil of Egyptian Ocimum basilicum L. showed higher antioxidant activity with IC50 0.21 mg/ml, in comparison to Madinah chemotype IC50 4.04 mg/ml, which was attributed to the significant differences in chemical constituents and in accordance to the total phenolic content for both herbs. Egyptian Ocimum basilicum L. oil revealed a remarkable antioxidant activity 86.9% compared with known synthetic antioxidant, TBHQ (98.8%).
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