Abstract
The present study evaluated the chemical composition and the in vitro and in vivo antioxidant potential of Ammi visnaga L. essential oil to provide a scientific basis for the use of this plant in the traditional pharmacopoeia. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to identify the volatile constituents present of the oil. The in vitro antioxidant capacity was evaluated by the DPPH and the reducing power assays. For the in vivo tests, oral administration of Ammi visnaga L. oil (600 and 1200 mg/kg body weight) was performed in Swiss albino mice treated with acetaminophen (400 mg/kg). The toxic effect of acetaminophen and the action of the essential oil were measured by determining the levels of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in liver and kidneys homogenates. The major components identified were butanoic acid, 2-methyl-, pentyl ester, (Z)-β-ocimene, D-limonene, linalool, pulegone and lavandulyl-butyrate. The in vitro DPPH and reducing power assays showed moderate to low free radical scavenging activity and the antioxidant power was positively correlated with the polyphenols’ concentration. In vivo, the Ammi visnaga L. essential oil showed a high antioxidant capacity at both concentrations (600 and 1200 mg/kg), effectively increasing the levels of reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase and significantly reducing the lipid peroxidation. The results obtained from this study suggest that Ammi visnaga L. could represent a source of molecules with antioxidant potential in the prevention of free radical-related diseases.
Highlights
IntroductionTo thwart the disease-mediator oxidative damage, the tissues possess endogenous antioxidant defense systems of non-enzymatic type
This study species showed a yield of essential oil of 1.4% v/w during the flowering period, higher than those mentioned by Khadhri et al [35] and Khalfallah et al [36] for Tunisian and Algerian species, respectively, or than those obtained during the fruiting period by Satrani et al for the same Moroccan species [37] and by Günaydin et al for a Turkish species [38]
The results of this study revealed that APAP treatment induced oxidative stress in the liver and kidney of mice, which was characterized by increased levels of MDA, a marker of lipid peroxidation, as well as reductions in the antioxidant activities superoxide dismutase (SOD), CAT, and GSH
Summary
To thwart the disease-mediator oxidative damage, the tissues possess endogenous antioxidant defense systems of non-enzymatic type Q10) and enzymatic type, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) [5]. These molecules ensure the scission of the auto-oxidative chain reaction, the conversion of radical species to non-radical or less toxic species and diminish the localized oxygen concentrations [5]. Under the pressure of a wide variety of cellular homeostasis disrupting factors, ranging from metabolic [6] and mental stress conditions [7], to lifestyle [8], dietary [9], and aging conditions [10,11], endogenous antioxidants may prove insufficient to neutralize ROS generation and, call for exogenous antioxidant intake (dietary) to maintain optimal cellular functions [9,12]
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