Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Phyllanthus muellerianus (Kuntze) Excel essential oil

Abstract

Ethnopharmacological relevancePhyllanthus muellerianus (Kuntze) Excel (family Euphorbiaceae) stem bark is used in Cameroon by Baka pygmies as a remedy for wound healing and tetanus. Aim of the studyTo characterize the chemical composition and to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of the essential oil of the plant. Materials and methodsThe essential oil was extracted from the stem bark by dynamic head space and by hydrodistillation and characterized by GC and GC-MS analyses. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated on the basis of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal–fungicidal concentration (MBC–MFC) by the micro and macrodilution methods. The following bacteria and fungi were used: Clostridium sporogenes ATCC 3584, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175, Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 19615, Escherichia coli ATCC 10536, Candida albicans ATCC 10231, Candida albicans LM 450, Trichophyton mentagrophytes LM 230, Trichophyton rubrum LM 237, Microsporum canis LM 324. ResultsThe hydrodistillation afforded 0.06% (dry weight basis) of pale yellow oil. Thirty-eight compounds representing 90.69% were identified. The major component (36.40%) was found to be (E)-isoelemicin, identified by comparison of its 1H-NMR experimental data, with literature data. The oil showed good antibacterial activity against Clostridium Sporogenes, Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus pyogenes with MIC ranging from 13.5 to 126μg/ml. A weak antifungal activity (MIC 250μg/ml) was found against Trichophyton rubrum, only. ConclusionsThe antimicrobial activity and the chemical composition of Phyllanthus muellerianus stem bark essential oil are reported for the first time.