Abstract
This research aimed to measure the impact of provenance on the yield, chemical profile and antimicrobial activity of Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil (EO) collected from cultivated and wild plants from two different regions in Morocco (Fez and Figuig). The chemical composition analysis was accomplished utilizing the GC-MS techniques. Sixteen compounds were identified in the EO of both samples, dominated by 1,8-cineole (32.18%), camphor (16.20%) and α-pinene (15.40%) in cultivated type. The α-pinene (51.19) presents the majority compound in the rosemary samples collected from the wild populations.The antimicrobial activity was investigated by using the broth dilution methods against yeast, four bacterial strains and two molds. Rosemary aerial part provided EO with the highest yield and comes from Figuig. The GC-MS analysis demonstrated the existence of two chemotypes of oils: α-pinene as well as 1,8-cineole/camphor/α-pinene. Both EOs showed good antimicrobial activity against all microbial strains. The essential oil produced by Fez plants was the most effective against the selected microorganisms having MIC values of 0.315-2.5 mg/L.
Highlights
Essential oils (EOs) are volatile combination of organic compounds acquiring oily consistency, usually generated by plants
The EOs isolated using microwave-assisted hydrodistillation for both regions was light yellow, with a yield of 1.35 ± 0.04% w/w based on dry sample weight for the samples originating from Fez and 2.24 ± 0.05% w/w for those from Figuig
Several studies show varying essential oil yield of rosemary according to geographical plant origin
Summary
Essential oils (EOs) are volatile combination of organic compounds acquiring oily consistency, usually generated by plants. The chemical constituents of essentials oils are classified into two different groups; hydrocarbons that are almost entirely composed of terpenes (monoterpenes, diterpenes, and sesquiterpenes), as well asoxygenated terpenoids,typicallyalcohols, phenols, aldehydes, ketones, esters and oxides (Moghaddam and Mehdizadeh, 2017). Essentials oils and their phyto-constituents exhibit several biological functions such as antibacterial, antiviral, insecticidal as well as antifungal activities. EOs and their constituents can penetrate cell membrane and mitochondria lipid components causing cell structure disturbance and contributing to a high permeability and leakage of essential molecules and ions, eventually causing cell death (Dhifi et al, 2016; Wani et al, 2021)
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