Abstract
The study was aimed to investigate essential oil chemical composition and antimicrobial activities of essential oils extracted from seeds of <i>Belpharis linariifolia</i>. The oil was extracted according to the method described by Harborne (1984). and analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR) and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) techniques to determine the chemical composition of the volatile fraction and identify their chemo-types. The essential oil of <i>Belpharis linariifolia</i> seeds were tested against four standard bacterial species: two Gram-positive bacteria viz, <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (NCTC 8236) and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (ATCC 25923), two Gram-negative bacterial strains <i>Escherichia coli</i> (ATCC 25922) and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (ATCC 27853), and fungal strains viz, <i>Candida albicans</i> (ATCC 7596) using the paper disc diffusion method. Twenty two components were identified in the essential oil of <i>Belpharis linariifolia</i> representing 82.87% of the total components, the major compounds were Acetic acid (11.60%), 4-acetyl-2-isopropyl-5,5-dimethyltetrahydrofuran-2-yl (11.60%), 3-Cyano-2-Oxa-1-Ethoxyadamanane (13.09%), Ethyl 3-methyl-2-oxobutyrate (15.49%), Hexatriacontane (8.18%) and Dotriacontane (16.03%). Antimicrobial activity of essential oil of <i>Belpharis linariifolia</i> dissolved in methanol (1:10), showed low activity against the Gram-negative bacteria (<i>P. aeruginosa</i> & <i>E. coli</i>) (14 & 11 mm). It also showed against Gram positive bacteria (<i>S. aureus<i> & <i>B. subtilis</i>) (11.5 & 14 mm) and against (<i>C. albicans</i>) (zero mm). This study conducted for essential oil of <i>Belpharis linariifolia</i> seeds presence of variable compounds with diverse structures and low antimicrobial activity.
Highlights
Medicinal plants represent a rich source of antimicrobial agents
The oil solution of Belpharis linariifolia was tested against four standard bacteria species: two Gram-positive bacteria viz., Bacillus subtilis (NCTC 8236) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), two Gram-negative bacterial strains Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), and one standard fungal strains viz, Candida albicans (ATCC 7596) using the Disc diffusion method
The hydrocarbons are well known for their non-polar properties they can be isolated by hexane, the solvent used for extraction
Summary
Medicinal plants represent a rich source of antimicrobial agents. Plants are used medicinally in different countries and are a source of many potent and powerful drugs [1]. There has been an increasing incidence of multiple resistances in human pathogenic microorganisms in-recent years, largely due to in discriminate use of commercial antimicrobial drugs commonly employed in the treatment of infectious diseases [2]. The plant is gathered from the wild for local use as food, medicine for ailments such as tuberculosis, chest pain and wounds. Some plants are known as medicinal because they contain active substances that cause certain reaction, from relating to the cure of disease on the human organism [10]. The study was aimed to investigate the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Belpharis lineariifolia (seeds)
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