Abstract
Artemisia argyi Lévl. et Vant essential oil could be used as a good antimicrobial flavouring agent and applied in the food industry. In this study, three methods, including simultaneous distillation-extraction (SDE), subcritical extraction and hydrodistillation, were applied to extract A. argyi essential oil. Compared with subcritical extraction (1%) and hydrodistillation (0.5%), SDE gave a higher yield (1.2%). Components of the essential oils were analysed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the most abundant ingredients were caryophyllene oxide, neointermedeol, borneol, α-thujone and β-caryophyllene. These five components accounted for 82.93%, 40.90% and 40.33% for SDE, subcritical extraction, and hydrodistillation, respectively. Based on agar disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays, SDE oil showed a significant inhibitory effect towards Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Salmonella enteritidis and Aspergillus niger. Furthermore, electron microscope observations (SEM) confirmed that SDE oil could obviously deform cell morphology and destroy the structure of cell walls. Performances showed that SDE was a promising process for extracting A. argyi essential oil with both high yield and antimicrobial activity.
Highlights
Artemisia argyi, known as Chinese mugwort, is an herbaceous perennial plant with creeping rhizomes
A. argyi essential oils were extracted with hydrodistillation, subcritical extraction and simultaneous distillation-extraction (SDE)
Three methods were applied to extract the essential oil from A. argyi leaves
Summary
Known as Chinese mugwort, is an herbaceous perennial plant with creeping rhizomes. A. argyi is the most popular plant in China and eastern Asia, and its leaves are used as a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TMC). Artemisia species are important medical plants which have aroused interest for their biological and chemical diversities [1]. The main pharmacological active compound in A. argyi is the essential oil and the biological activities of the extracted essential oil have been investigated. It has been reported that A. argyi essential oil showed anti-histaminic effects and antifungal activity [5]. A. argyi volatile oil had strong antibacterial effects against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis [6]. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) has been proved to be an Molecules 2019, 24, 483; doi:10.3390/molecules24030483 www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules
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