Abstract
This work aimed to study the chemical composition, cholinesterase inhibitory activity, and enantiomeric analysis of the essential oil from the aerial parts (leaves and flowers) of the plant Lepechinia paniculata (Kunth) Epling from Ecuador. The essential oil (EO) was obtained through steam distillation. The chemical composition of the oil was evaluated by gas chromatography, coupled to mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and a flame ionization detector (GC-FID). The analyses led to the identification of 69 compounds in total, of which 40 were found in the leaves and 29 were found in the flowers of the plant. The major components found in the oil were 1,8-Cineole, β-Pinene, δ-3-Carene, α-Pinene, (E)-Caryophyllene, Guaiol, and β-Phellandrene. Flower essential oil showed interesting selective inhibitory activity against both enzymes AChE (28.2 ± 1.8 2 µg/mL) and BuChE (28.8 ± 1.5 µg/mL). By contrast, the EO of the leaves showed moderate mean inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), with IC50 values of 38.2 ± 2.9 µg/mL and 47.4 ± 2.3 µg/mL, respectively.
Highlights
The genus Lepechinia belongs to the Lamiaceae family and comprises approximately species distributed from the Southwest USA to Chile [1]
This paper reports the chemical composition, cholinesterase inhibitory activity, and the enantiomeric analysis of the essential oil (EO) from the aerial parts of Lepechinia paniculata
Analyses were performed using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and a flame ionization detector (GC–FID) with a non-polar DB-5MS column and a polar HP-INNOWax column
Summary
The genus Lepechinia belongs to the Lamiaceae family and comprises approximately species distributed from the Southwest USA to Chile [1]. In the Andean region of Ecuador, the species known as L. paniculata is used in traditional medicine to relieve headaches, inflammation, and wound infections, and to cure “mal del aire” and “espanto” [4,5,6]. Regarding the studies of essential oils (EOs) of other Lepechinia species from the southern region of Ecuador, in 2002, Malagón et al [7] identified 54 compounds in Lepechinia mutica (Benth) EO collected in “Cerro el Villonaco” (Loja, Ecuador); monoterpene hydrocarbons were the main group of constituents (72%), among which β-Phellandrene (30%), Camphene (13%), Limonene (8%), ∆3-Carene (6%), and α-Pinene (3%) were the most abundant. Ramírez et al [2] described the chemical composition, enantiomeric analysis, sensorial evaluation, and antifungal activity of Lepechinia mutica
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