Abstract
The purpose of the study was to determine the chemical composition and antibacterial activity of Lippia multiflora Moldenke essential oils (EOs) collected in different regions of Angola. Antibacterial activity was evaluated using the agar wells technique and vapour phase test. Analysis of the oils by GC/MS identified thirty-five components representing 67.5 to 100% of the total oils. Monoterpene hydrocarbons were the most prevalent compounds, followed by oxygenated monoterpenes. The content of the compounds varied according to the samples. The main components were Limonene, Piperitenone, Neral, Citral, Elemol, p-cymene, Transtagetone, and Artemisia ketone. Only one of the eleven samples contained Verbenone as the majority compound. In the vapour phase test, a single oil was the most effective against all the pathogens studied. The principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) of components of the selected EOs and inhibition zone diameter values of agar wells technique allowed us to identify a variability between the plants from the two provinces, but also intraspecific variability between sub-groups within a population. Each group of essential oils constituted a chemotype responsible for their bacterial inhibition capacity. The results presented here suggest that Angolan Lippia multiflora Moldenke has antibacterial properties and could be a potential source of antimicrobial agents for the pharmaceutical and food industry.
Highlights
Introduction nal affiliationsLippia, dedicated to Augustine Lippi (1678–1701) [1], is a genus of typical flowering plants belonging to the family Verbenaceae [2,3]
As reported by several authors, the essential oils (EOs) concentration in inflorescences is dependent on the variety and environmental conditions [55,56,57]
The highest yield of essential oils among the 11 samples was obtained from flowers (5.2%)
Summary
Introduction nal affiliationsLippia, dedicated to Augustine Lippi (1678–1701) [1], is a genus of typical flowering plants belonging to the family Verbenaceae [2,3]. In the Americas, Lippia species are found in the arid southwestern United States, in the deciduous rainforests of Central America and the rock and cerrado fields of Brazil, regions with a high index of endemism, extending as far as Uruguay and Central Argentina [6,7,8]. They are present in subtropical Africa, from East Africa to South Africa [3,9]. The genus Lippia is of great economic importance due to the different uses of these essential oils, as it includes several aromatic medicinal
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