Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oil from Anisomeles Species grown in India

Abstract

Anisomeles indica L., and Anisomeles malabarica L. R. Br. Ex Sims, growing wild in India. These shrubs become gives biological effect because of chemical composition of essential oil. Now it is interesting to know available chemicals in it, which also support the claim biological activities still, by the researchers. The chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oils from A. indica and A. malabarica were investigated together here for the first time. The aerial parts (Stem, leaves, flowers and fruit) of hydrodistilled essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and antibacterial activity was individually evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus pumilus using a paper disc diffusion method. Collectively more than fourty compounds were identified in A. indica and A. malabarica, representing 98.29–97.88% of the total essential oil, respectively. The major constituents of essential oils obtained from the A. indica, were linalyl acetate (15.3%), and α-thujone (11.9%). The most abundant compounds in essential oils of A. malabarica, were - α-thujone (17.6%), terpenyl acetate (16.45%) and, δ-cadinene (11.5). All tested G+ ve & G-ve were inhibited by essential oil samples. The GC-MS results of both plants indicated the essential oil is rich in monoterpenes and terpenoids, which have been implicated antibacterial activity, comparable to gentamycin, it was used as a positive probe. The current findings also help to differentiate the valuable Anisomeles species for phyto-pharmaceuticals.