Chemical Composition and Acaricidal Effects of Essential Oils ofFoeniculum vulgareMill. (Apiales: Apiaceae) andLavandula angustifoliaMiller (Lamiales: Lamiaceae) againstTetranychus urticaeKoch (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Asgar Ebadollahi,Jalal Jalali Sendi,Alireza Aliakbar,Jabraeil Razmjou

doi:10.1155/2014/424078

Asgar Ebadollahi, Jalal Jalali Sendi + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/424078

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Abstract

Utilization of synthetic acaricides causes negative side-effects on nontarget organisms and environment and most of the mite species such as two spotted spider mite,Tetranychus urticaeKoch, are becoming resistant to these chemicals. In the present study, essential oils of fennel,Foeniculum vulgareMill., and lavender,Lavandula angustifoliaMiller, were hydrodistilled using Clevenger apparatus and chemical composition of these oils was analyzed by GC-MS. Anethole (46.73%), limonene (13.65%), andα-fenchone (8.27%) in the fennel essential oil and linalool (28.63%), 1,8-cineole (18.65%), and 1-borneol (15.94%) in the lavender essential oil were found as main components. Contact and fumigant toxicity of essential oils was assessed against adult females ofT. urticaeafter 24 h exposure time. The essential oils revealed strong toxicity in both contact and fumigant bioassays and the activity dependeds on essential oil concentrations. Lethal concentration 50% for the population of mite (LC50) was found as 0.557% (0.445–0.716) and 0.792% (0.598–1.091) in the contact toxicity and 1.876 μL/L air (1.786–1.982) and 1.971 μL/L air (1.628–2.478) in the fumigant toxicity for fennel and lavender oils, respectively. Results indicated thatF. vulgareandL. angustifoliaessential oils might be useful for managing of two spotted spider mite,T. urticae.

Highlights

Spider mites belong to the family Tetranychidae and are named because many members of this family produce silk webbing on the host plants
This paper describes a laboratory study examining the contact and fumigant toxicity of essential oils of F. vulgare and L. angustifolia grown in Iran against of T. urticae followed by evaluation of their chemical constituents by Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry (GC-MS)
Twenty six compounds were identified in the essential oil of fennel, representing 99.94% of the total essential oil sample while twenty five compounds were found in the lavender essential oil, representing 99.97% of the total essential oil sample

Summary

Introduction

Spider mites belong to the family Tetranychidae and are named because many members of this family produce silk webbing on the host plants. Two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, is widely distributed globally and a common pest of many plant species in greenhouses, orchards and field crops. Small chlorate spots can be formed at feeding sites as the mesophyll tissue collapses due to the destruction of 18–22 cells per minute [2] The importance of this mite pest is due to direct damage to plants and due to indirect damage to plants which decreases photosynthesis and transpiration [3]. [Apiales: Apiaceae (Umbelliferae)], is indigenous to the Mediterranean and is largely used to impart flavor to a number of foods, such as soups, sauces, pickles, breads, and cakes It is an annual, biennial, or perennial herbaceous plant, depending on the variety, which grows in good soils from sunny mild climatic regions and is a well-known aromatic plant species. This paper describes a laboratory study examining the contact and fumigant toxicity of essential oils of F. vulgare and L. angustifolia grown in Iran against of T. urticae followed by evaluation of their chemical constituents by Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry (GC-MS)

Materials and Methods

Results

Discussion

Results of probit analysis