Abstract
Traditional Filuferru is an ancient spirit from Sardinia, Italy, which is usually obtained from the distillation of wine or grape marc. In this contribution, the results of the first chemical characterization of a wide number of crafts Filuferru samples has been accomplished in terms of an evaluation of the alcoholic strength, qualitative and quantitative gas-chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the volatile composition of the distillate, and its trace element composition by means an inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method. Both instrumental methods have been validated and applied on 21 craft samples of Filuferru, whereas one sample of commercial distillate has been analyzed for comparison purposes. Alcoholic strength ranged between 41.0 and 62.4% (v/v). Sixty volatile compounds were identified and ten of them have been quantified. Analogies and differences with Grappa (i.e., the Italian distilled spirit closer to Filuferru) have been highlighted in the qualitative and quantitative profile of this matrix. Often meaningful amounts of acetaldehyde, ethyl acetate, dietyl acetal, and acetic acid were measured. Elemental analysis, performed on toxic, non-toxic elements, and oligoelements, 18 in total, revealed a wide variability of concentrations in both analytes and samples. High concentrations of Cu are sometimes evidenced, which are likely caused by losses from the distillation apparatus. The principal components analysis (PCA) allowed the differentiation of the ten volatile compounds quantified in two groups: the former, as described mainly by PC1, constituted by acetic acid, ethyl acetate, dietyl acetal, and acetaldehyde, and the second, described by PC2, constituted by 1-propanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, the two coeluiting isomers 2-methyl-1-butanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol,1-hexanol, 2-phenylethanol, and 2,3-butanediol. Data obtained may be useful in order to establish a regulation for the production of high-quality traditional Filuferru from Sardinia.
Highlights
Traditional Filuferru is an ancient, high alcoholic strength beverage from Sardinia, Italy.For centuries, it is well-known and consumed by indigenous people as a beverage, and as an ingredient in their traditional cuisine
Since unauthorized prohibited by law, distillers the bottles of bottles of the product in order to distillation occult themwas from inspections thatthe were madeburied by policemen, and the product in order to occult them from inspections that were made by policemen, and only a wire only a wire (i.e., Filuferru in the Sardinian language) tied at the neck of the bottle and emerging from
It is evident that the dietyl acetal (DEA), the acetaldehyde (AD), the ethyl acetate (AE) and the acetic acid (AA) describe the PC1, whereas all of the alcohols
Summary
Traditional Filuferru is an ancient, high alcoholic strength beverage from Sardinia, Italy. It is well-known and consumed by indigenous people as a beverage, and as an ingredient in their traditional cuisine. Since unauthorized prohibited by law, distillers the bottles of bottles of the product in order to distillation occult themwas from inspections thatthe were madeburied by policemen, and the product in order to occult them from inspections that were made by policemen, and only a wire only a wire (i.e., Filuferru in the Sardinian language) tied at the neck of the bottle and emerging from Sardinian language) tied at the the neck the bottle emerging from soilCraft level the levelinfor centimeters indicated pointofwhere the and valuable spirit wastheleft.
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