Abstract
This study aimed to chemically characterize the bark extracts from three tree species: Anacardium occidentale L., Ziziphus joazeiro Mart. and Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia Benth., in addition to obtaining the soluble extract content in water, alcohol and hexane from the bark of these species. The bark was collected from branches of the three species and subsequently pre-dried and milled. The extract content was then determined using the Sohxlet method aiming to quantify the total extractives in the samples, and determine the extract content soluble in water, ethyl alcohol and hexane. The extracts were further analyzed by Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) analysis to determine their chemical composition. The extract contents in the three species behaved in a similar way, with hexane being the solvent which extracted more compounds and juazeiro the species that displayed the highest total extract content. With the chemical characterization of the extracts, it was possible to identify the presence of functional groups characteristic of carbohydrates and proteins in the aqueous extracts; the presence of characteristic hydroxyl group, for example in alcohols, aldehydes, ketones and ethers in the ethanolic extracts; and the presence of fatty acids and aromatic compounds (essential oils) in hexanolic extracts. The essential oils were the compounds which presented larger quantities, and can be exploited by the pharmaco-chemical industry.
Highlights
The use of natural products from forests in Brazilian semi-arid regions began with the country’s colonization process, leading to increasing pressure on the continuous exploitation of wood resources for construction, firewood and handicrafts, as well as extraction of fruit, seeds, bark and many other products along with the use of these resources as fodder
Two issues are fundamental when it comes to raising awareness towards the sustainable use and conservation of forest resources in the Caatinga biome (GARIGLIO et al, 2010): (a) the importance of maintaining the regional economy, which is often sustained by the exploitation of these resources for their own use, such as fodder for livestock and for income generation; and (b) standardizing management of these resources, aiming to guarantee balanced production in the future
C. et al ISSN eletrônico 1982-4688 stand out with these characteristics for the potential industrial use of their wood and non-timber products, such as the use of angico bark (Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil), which is species used in traditional tanneries for tanning skins from the Brazilian semi-arid region (LIMA et al, 2014), as well as the cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.), juazeiro (Ziziphus joazeiro Mart.) and sabiá (Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia Benth.) trees
Summary
The use of natural products from forests in Brazilian semi-arid regions began with the country’s colonization process, leading to increasing pressure on the continuous exploitation of wood resources for construction, firewood and handicrafts, as well as extraction of fruit, seeds, bark and many other products along with the use of these resources as fodder. Two issues are fundamental when it comes to raising awareness towards the sustainable use and conservation of forest resources in the Caatinga biome (GARIGLIO et al, 2010): (a) the importance of maintaining the regional economy, which is often sustained by the exploitation of these resources for their own use, such as fodder for livestock and for income generation; and (b) standardizing management of these resources, aiming to guarantee balanced production in the future. Lins et al (2019) recommend evaluating the species of this phytogeographic domain, aiming at exploiting the chemical compounds present in the bark and branches of these trees according to the proper manegement of their products
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